Humorous Wedding Speech by the Groom -- Wedding Toasts Roasts Speeches

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Terry Tempest Williams Refuge Essay -- Terry Williams Refuge Essays

terry Tempest Williams RefugeIf we bemoan the loss of light as the daytime changes to night we look out over the sunset. In her memoirs Refuge, Terry Tempest Williams relates the circumstances surrounding the 1982 turn out in the Great Salt Lake as well as her mothers demolition from genus Cancer. passim the book Williams gets so caught up in preventing her mothers death that she risks missing the sunset of her mothers life. However the Sevier-Fremonts adaptability to changes in disposition inspires Terry Tempest Williams to re-evaluate her response to changes in her life.The story of the Sevier-Fremont peoples evolution and existence in the Great Basin parallels Williams life in doh during the 1980s. They Sevier-Fremont evolved from the Anasazi people, a Native American tribe indigenous to the Great Basin. The Anasazi had remained in the Great Basin despite the rise in the lake and later evolved into a youthful people. Following the recession of the lakes waters, its bounda ries flourished, as did the Sevier-Fremont because they relied heavily on the vegetation and animals of the Great Salt Lake. The Sevier-Fremont were a semi-nomadic people who occupied the basin from 650 AD to 1250 AD when they were forced out. The sudden replacement of their artifacts suggests that the Sevier-Fremont were not integrated into but forced out of the basin by Numic-speaking groups. (Masden) Williams also has to survive a rise in the lake as the 1982 rise in the lake is the beginning of a period of change for herthe rise in the lake threatens to destroy the bird refuge and her mothers cancer returns. Diane Tempest, Williams mother, is the personification of her childhood and the Great Basin is the setting upon which her fondest childhood memories were enacted. ... ... adapting. (267) Williams had been fighting the uncontrollable Her mothers death is no longer astir(predicate) her is no longer about preventing her mothers passing or the loss of her childhood but the pro cess of letting go. What does Terry Tempest Williams softness to pinch the process rather than the product of her mothers cancer say about our society today? Are we constantly fighting losing battles? We establish our level of our lives as a tally of wins and losses, and not as the story of our process to brave change. Williams realizes the value of the process rather than the product. When the bird hits the window mavin day while she is taking care of her mother although she wants to hold the bird, to bring it inside and save it. She doesnt Instead, shereturns to her Mother.(210) Refuge is the story of Terry Tempest Williams process to weather change. Terry Tempest Williams Refuge Essay -- Terry Williams Refuge EssaysTerry Tempest Williams RefugeIf we bemoan the loss of light as the day changes to night we miss the sunset. In her memoirs Refuge, Terry Tempest Williams relates the circumstances surrounding the 1982 rise in the Great Salt Lake as well as her mot hers death from cancer. Throughout the book Williams gets so caught up in preventing her mothers death that she risks missing the sunset of her mothers life. However the Sevier-Fremonts adaptability to changes in nature inspires Terry Tempest Williams to re-evaluate her response to changes in her life.The story of the Sevier-Fremont peoples evolution and existence in the Great Basin parallels Williams life in Utah during the 1980s. They Sevier-Fremont evolved from the Anasazi people, a Native American tribe indigenous to the Great Basin. The Anasazi had remained in the Great Basin despite the rise in the lake and later evolved into a new people. Following the recession of the lakes waters, its boundaries flourished, as did the Sevier-Fremont because they relied heavily on the vegetation and animals of the Great Salt Lake. The Sevier-Fremont were a semi-nomadic people who occupied the basin from 650 AD to 1250 AD when they were forced out. The sudden replacement of their artifacts su ggests that the Sevier-Fremont were not integrated into but forced out of the basin by Numic-speaking groups. (Masden) Williams also has to survive a rise in the lake as the 1982 rise in the lake is the beginning of a period of change for herthe rise in the lake threatens to destroy the bird refuge and her mothers cancer returns. Diane Tempest, Williams mother, is the personification of her childhood and the Great Basin is the setting upon which her fondest childhood memories were enacted. ... ... adapting. (267) Williams had been fighting the uncontrollable Her mothers death is no longer about her is no longer about preventing her mothers passing or the loss of her childhood but the process of letting go. What does Terry Tempest Williams inability to embrace the process rather than the product of her mothers cancer say about our society today? Are we constantly fighting losing battles? We read our history of our lives as a tally of wins and losses, and not as the story of our proc ess to weather change. Williams realizes the value of the process rather than the product. When the bird hits the window one day while she is taking care of her mother although she wants to hold the bird, to bring it inside and save it. She doesnt Instead, shereturns to her Mother.(210) Refuge is the story of Terry Tempest Williams process to weather change.

Foreign Language Learning Essay -- Education, English, Anxiety

Second/foreign lyric learning can be a demanding task for many language learners. One of the factors that make such process difficult is the existence of disturbance. Most language learners suffer a feeling of anxiety in the process of language learning. Although the degree and severity of this feeling may vary from one individual to another, it cannot be claimed that it does not exist at all. The consider of students who report that they feel anxious while learning a second/foreign language is surprising. According to 1, more than half of foreign language learners experience some degree of anxiety. It is also argued that language learning anxiety may pose potential problems for language learners 2. Learners who feel anxious in their foreign language learning may find their study less enjoyable 3, which will in turn have a negative impact on their performance. much(prenominal) being the case, it is crucial to investigate language learners perspectives on language learning anxiet y in order to figure out what factors make them feel anxious. It is hoped that by omitting or at least reducing those factors, teachers and educators can create a more relaxing environment, so that more effective language learning would pick out place.Problem StatementWith the increasing number of people who atomic number 18 willing to learn English as a second/foreign language, it is really inevitable to find out the factors which may hinder or negatively affect language learning. One of these factors which has not been paid due attention to in faculty member settings is language learners anxiety. Most teachers are not aware of the fact that their students are not able to fully exhibit their potential because of the stressful situation they are in, or even if they know the stu... ...ed the cause of anxiety to the teacher or other people. Most students felt frustrated and helpless, although students who perceived themselves as having higher office betokend a greater sense of resilience. Other findings were that the effect of and response to anxiety were associated with gender and perceived ability level.Andrade and William 17 reported Japanese university students reactions to anxiety-provoking situations in English-as-a-foreign language (EFL) classes. Overall, the findings indicate that some degree of anxiety affected 75% of the learners and that the debilitating aspects of anxiety strongly hindered about 11% of them. Another important finding is that many students calculate their university EFL classes expecting to experience an anxiety-provoking situation and that anxiety is likely to significantly hinder the performance of some students.

The Argument of Romans Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Wrath of theology Revealedcapital of Minnesota began his argument of Romans by proving that the Gentiles are sinners before God. Although God has revealed His truth to them, they stand suppressed it, resulting in the darkness of their inner man and rebellion against God to the point of worshipping animals (118-23). As a result God gave them over to do the desires of their essence (124, 26) idolatry (125) and homosexuality (126-27). Seeing that they had no desire to retain God in their knowledge, God gave them over to a depraved mind to do any sort of evil (128-31).The Jews CondemnedJudgement According to WorksPaul also addressed the Jews specifically warning them that if God judged the Gentiles who suppressed the revelation they had received, the Jews should not intend that they would escape the judgement of God simply because they had received the natural law of Moses. These Jews were judging others for things that they did themselves, thinking they would escape punishment because they were Jews (21-3). Paul warned that they were storing up Gods resentment against themselves because they would not repent for their sins (24-5). God rewards or punishes individuals based on their works, not on their ethnic background or on their knowledge of the Law (26-13). Paul argued that the Gentiles conscience would serve as the basis for their judgement (214-16) and the Law would serve as the basis for judgement for the Jew.Circumcision of the HeartPaul keep to condemn the Jew for feeling superior to the Gentiles because of their entrustment to the special revelation of the Law, even though the whole time they were being hypocrites by not living by the Law themselves (217-22). They were dishonoring God and giving the Gentiles reason to blaspheme God (223-24). Some thought that being circumcised justified their actions, but Paul made it clear that the Law lonesome(prenominal) had value to those who lived by it, not to those who simply possessed it (225). If the uncircumcised lived by the Law, his actions would make it as though he was circumcised, and he would be able to judge the circumcised who save profess the Law (226-27). To be a true Jew is not only a matter of lineage but also a matter of having circumcision of the embrace and whose praise comes from God rather than man (228-29). Therefo... ...51-6). Instead of rejecting one another over differences of opinion, the Jews and Gentiles were to accept each other, seeing that both groups of people are regard in Gods plan (157-13).Reason for Pauls Delay in Coming to RomeSalutations to many people at RomeAlthough Paul was persuade of the churches spiritual maturity, he wrote to them to explain his reason for not coming to them sooner, and expressed his future travel plans, which included a trip to Rome (1517-24). This trip would mesh place after he delivered the collection he was gathering to the saints at Jerusalem (1525-29) a trip that Paul asked the Romans to help him with in pray er (1530-33). Having ruined his exhortations and commands, Paul finished his epistle by sending greetings to many individuals at the church in Rome (161-16), warning of false-teachers (1617-20), sending greeting from his fellow-laborers (1621), and giving glory to the God who was able to strengthen the church, and disclosed the mystery of the church to bring many to faith (1625-27).WORKS CITEDBaker, Bruce. Romans, class notes. Fall 2001King James Study Bible, The. doubting Thomas Nelson, Inc., 1988.

Animal Farm, by George Orwell :: Animal Farm Essays

The Novel wight Farm, was written by George Orwell. This story publications place on a farm where the animals revolt against the valet de chambre proprietor of the land and take control of the farm. During the reign of the animals, many conflicts occur everywhere who holds the most business leader and who should be making all of the decisions on be-half of the rest of the animals. at long last Napolean gains power over Snowball. This causes many problems on the farm because Napolean uses much of the money to entertain himself and does not take necessary action to help the rest of the animals.The compose chose to name the tidings "Animal Farm" because in a literal term, the animals own and run the farm. This is clearly shown in the book when we see the animals force the human owner strike the farm and they begin to run everything that happens.This novel belongs to the modern period of British Literature. During this time period, a signifi bungholet resemblance can be seen between the stage setting of the novel and communism. The two pigs, Napolean and Snowball, represent the leaders of communism, Stalin and Trotsky. While they hold the power, they both have differing views and attempt to gain a superior power over the other. When Napolean gains conglomeration control, it represents what communism turned out to be. This involved one leader controlling the entire body of people and forcing his ways on everyone else.      The rootages position of view is that communism is something that should have never come into existence. He recollects that all the power should not belong to one person because that ace person go away take advantage of their power and use it to their advantage. The effect of this is that it gives the reader the idea that nothing good can come of communism. This makes everyone who reads the novel believe what he believes. This can be a reliable source because what is written in context truly represents history. Orwell describes his characters indirectly. This is because of the resemblance to the history of communism. Some of the characters were meant to represent an tangible human universe that once lived, so the description of that character can be taken from the character traits of the actual person that they represent.Animal Farm, by George Orwell Animal Farm Essays The Novel Animal Farm, was written by George Orwell. This story takes place on a farm where the animals revolt against the human owner of the land and take control of the farm. During the reign of the animals, many conflicts occur over who holds the most power and who should be making all of the decisions on be-half of the rest of the animals. Eventually Napolean gains power over Snowball. This causes many problems on the farm because Napolean uses much of the money to entertain himself and does not take necessary action to help the rest of the animals.The author chose to name the book "Animal Farm" bec ause in a literal term, the animals own and run the farm. This is clearly shown in the book when we see the animals force the human owner off the farm and they begin to run everything that happens.This novel belongs to the modern period of British Literature. During this time period, a significant resemblance can be seen between the context of the novel and communism. The two pigs, Napolean and Snowball, represent the leaders of communism, Stalin and Trotsky. While they hold the power, they both have differing views and attempt to gain a superior power over the other. When Napolean gains total control, it represents what communism turned out to be. This involved one leader controlling the entire body of people and forcing his ways on everyone else.      The authors point of view is that communism is something that should have never come into existence. He believes that all the power should not belong to one person because that single person will take advantage of their power and use it to their advantage. The effect of this is that it gives the reader the idea that nothing good can come of communism. This makes everyone who reads the novel believe what he believes. This can be a reliable source because what is written in context truly represents history. Orwell describes his characters indirectly. This is because of the resemblance to the history of communism. Some of the characters were meant to represent an actual human being that once lived, so the description of that character can be taken from the character traits of the actual person that they represent.

Animal Farm, by George Orwell :: Animal Farm Essays

The Novel sentient world Farm, was written by George Orwell. This story tushvass place on a farm where the animals revolt against the military personnel possessor of the land and take control of the farm. During the reign of the animals, many conflicts occur everyplace who holds the most actor and who should be making all of the decisions on be-half of the rest of the animals. in conclusion Napolean gains power over Snowball. This causes many problems on the farm because Napolean uses much of the money to entertain himself and does not take necessary action to help the rest of the animals.The pen chose to name the admit "Animal Farm" because in a literal term, the animals own and run the farm. This is clearly shown in the book when we see the animals force the human owner dispatch the farm and they begin to run everything that happens.This novel belongs to the modern period of British Literature. During this time period, a significant resemblance can be seen betw een the context of use of the novel and communism. The two pigs, Napolean and Snowball, represent the leaders of communism, Stalin and Trotsky. While they hold the power, they both have differing views and attempt to gain a superior power over the other. When Napolean gains tot control, it represents what communism turned out to be. This involved one leader controlling the entire body of people and forcing his ways on everyone else.      The authors bakshis of view is that communism is something that should have never come into existence. He reckons that all the power should not belong to one person because that ace person testament take advantage of their power and use it to their advantage. The effect of this is that it gives the reader the idea that nothing good can come of communism. This makes everyone who reads the novel believe what he believes. This can be a reliable source because what is written in context truly represents history. Orwell describe s his characters indirectly. This is because of the resemblance to the history of communism. Some of the characters were meant to represent an echt human being that once lived, so the description of that character can be taken from the character traits of the actual person that they represent.Animal Farm, by George Orwell Animal Farm Essays The Novel Animal Farm, was written by George Orwell. This story takes place on a farm where the animals revolt against the human owner of the land and take control of the farm. During the reign of the animals, many conflicts occur over who holds the most power and who should be making all of the decisions on be-half of the rest of the animals. Eventually Napolean gains power over Snowball. This causes many problems on the farm because Napolean uses much of the money to entertain himself and does not take necessary action to help the rest of the animals.The author chose to name the book "Animal Farm" because in a literal term, the anim als own and run the farm. This is clearly shown in the book when we see the animals force the human owner off the farm and they begin to run everything that happens.This novel belongs to the modern period of British Literature. During this time period, a significant resemblance can be seen between the context of the novel and communism. The two pigs, Napolean and Snowball, represent the leaders of communism, Stalin and Trotsky. While they hold the power, they both have differing views and attempt to gain a superior power over the other. When Napolean gains total control, it represents what communism turned out to be. This involved one leader controlling the entire body of people and forcing his ways on everyone else.      The authors point of view is that communism is something that should have never come into existence. He believes that all the power should not belong to one person because that single person will take advantage of their power and use it to their advantage. The effect of this is that it gives the reader the idea that nothing good can come of communism. This makes everyone who reads the novel believe what he believes. This can be a reliable source because what is written in context truly represents history. Orwell describes his characters indirectly. This is because of the resemblance to the history of communism. Some of the characters were meant to represent an actual human being that once lived, so the description of that character can be taken from the character traits of the actual person that they represent.

Descrpition Essay on New York City

Macy Climer The metropolis that neer sleeps When you think of clean York City, you most likely imagine the extraordinary buildings that fly in the sky or the move sidewalks with hundreds of people shop on either corner. Even with my short visit I found myself lost in the big apple. The streets argon filled with the aureole that is like teenagers shopping with their parents credit simple machined. Although by the end of the day your feet are so swollen from all the walking, you find yourself wanting to hold going in the hopes of having the best sweet York experience. It was spring break of my senior year and my dance team plus our moms were about to travel to the city that never sleeps. All of us were so anxious to explore this amazing city that most of us have only resonaten on TV. When arriving at the airport that archaeozoic spring morning I had butterflies in my stomach, for the thought of the big city that I have always dreamed visiting. The flight was long but it was comfortable. When the victor announced that we would be landing in about 20 minutes, I was the most anxious I have ever been in my life. Twenty minutes felt like foreverFinally the seat belt sign went off and the flight attendants opened the exit doors. The airport was so crowd with every(prenominal) kind of person you could think of. It was a small airport, only being about 10 minutes away from the city. After we collected our luggage we went to stagger down our first taxi. I have watched several movies that were based in New York City so getting a taxi was just as simple as raising your hand and waving them down. As the taxi came up from under a bridge I found myself staring at the most amazing city I have ever been to.Time Square is seen in a isthmus of movies, but it is way better then I imagined. As I was standing right in the middle of Time Square I was overwhelmed with everything that was going on around me. There were people lotion every inch of the sidewalk, hot dog stands and people handing out flyers to shows and other activities. The cars were bumper to bumper while horns came from every direction. Even though NYC is this amazing city, it was kind of a dirty, loud, and crowded place. But behind the crowded loud streets, New York is a beautiful city.Our journey began the second we arrived. I wanted to explore every inch of the city but I knew that was impossible. I was going to try though the hotel we stayed at was right in the middle of Time Square. It was like a dream every time I walked out our doors. The city was such a fast paced place. People fast walking past you, taxis speeding through the tiny avenues of New York, the people of NYC for sure live off coffee and red bull. The days went by so fast because we were constantly doing something at all times.Mainly sightseeing and shopping, divide and lots of shopping As the days went by the city became easier to get around. I was a pro at flagging down a taxi, and I understood the whole sub way thing. I experienced that when they say that New York is the city that never sleeps they meant it. At all hours of the night I would hear car horns and loud music and people talking. I loved every bit of the city, even though it was crowded and loud and sometimes a little smelly. The shopping and all the huge skyscrapers made it worth it.Shopping wasnt the only good thing about New York I was able to see two Broadway shows. The shows are amazing and filled with really talented people. Triple threats that can sing, dance, and act, I saw wicked which was a show I have wanted to see since it first came out. These shows are the coolest things New York is a place full of adventure and excitement. Our journey was ending and it was bitter sweet. I loved the city but Texas is my basis and I missed it. I will for sure visit New York again sometime in my life.After exploring the city for a week I came to realize that it is a fabulous place to visit, but maybe not such a good place to li ve. I loved getting to experience this city with my mom and seeing all the sights that are so cool, and eating all the food that New York is known for , and even shopping at places that a lot of celebrities shop at. It would take several trips to NYC to get to discover everything there but I feel like my trip to the big apple was the real New York experienced.

Capital Budget Essay

Looking at River County plan for several capital acquisitions for the coming year which take on the purchase of two new garbage trucks at $150,000 each, one new bulldozer at $240,000, three new riding lawn mowers at $16,000 each, and construction of an action center in the part for $650,000. The expected lifetime of the various capital items is 10 years for the garbage trucks, 8 years for the bulldozer, 5 years for the lawn mowers, and 40 years for the activity center. Due to the catamenia credit rating of River County, River County was approved for a 6% interest rate on all vehicles and lawn mowers, and a 3% interest on the activity center. The total court to finance both garbage trucks for one year is $20,380.19 and the total cost is $203,801.90 for 10 years. The yearly cost to finance the bulldozer is $38,648.63 and the total cost is $309,189.04 for 8 years.The total cost of financing all three lawn mowers for a year is $11,395.03 and the total cost for 5 years is $56,975.15. The yearly cost to finance the activity center is $28,120.55 and the total cost is $1,124,822.22 for 40 years. The total cost for the capital budget from year 1 to year 5 will be $126,664.95. The total budget cost from year 6 to year 8 will $115,269.92 and from year 9 to 10 $76,621.29. From year 10 unto year 40, the budget would be $28,120.55 for the activity center. However, River County would pay off the lawn movers in 5 years, bulldozer in 8 years, and garbage trucks in 10 years the issue of depreciation stills needs to be addressed.The current value of the equipment would need to be appraised to determine if it is still operational according to River County standards, or do the equipment need to be replaced. If River County decides to replace the equipment then the revenue from the savage would be used to re-invest in to new equipment and the capital budget would be updated. With the current River County budget the tax revenues received from the county would be more than suffici ent, but if there is a budget short fall, River County could issue 5 year municipal bonds to think of the cost.ReferenceFinkler, S.A. (2010). Financial management for public, health, and not-for-profit organizations (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson Prentice HallMartinson, O. B. (2002). A look at cost accounting in the benefit industry and the federal government.The Journal of Government Financial Management, 51(1), 18-25. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/222373894?accountid=32521Rodriguez, J. F. (1994). Sound principles New adaptations. The Government Accountants Journal, 43(3),35. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/222431343?accountid=32521

Webvan

The STEEP analysis concluded that the company is in an age of increasing technical advances, which must be maintained and Implemented to sustain operation. Grocery services entrust always be required even In a take in or slow economy and currently there are few political or environmental situations that would affect the company. In the following section, wavebands Internal effectivenesss and weaknesses will be discussed as well as the companys external opportunities and threats. StrengthWaveband has many strength within their operational practices as well as their marketing practices. One of Wavebands strength is their ability to provide good node service to their consumers. Waveband does not charge membership fees and waives drop outy charges for orders over $50. Their ability to fill orders accurately and deliver them on time is another strength. For both of these areas, Waveband has an upper ni topieth percentile ranking. With their state-of-the-art engineering, they are qu alified to uphold good delivery policies with goodly distri thation centers, while maintaining a wide selection of products and services.The companys store site contains good content, has usability ease, and provides policies that ensure consumers privacy and secure credit-card Information processing. Weakness One of the companys weaknesses Is that Waveband Is trying to be all things to people. Francis Gaskin of Gaskin PIP Desktop stated that Waveband Bit off a big mouthful. Waveband is taking a chance trying to provide service as well as convenience and to do this for the same price as grocery stores.To be able to do this Waveband has implemented a complex business system, which currently has plainly been proven at owe capacities, nowhere business system, which currently has only been proven at low capacities, nowhere close to the order volume levels for which it was designed. Waveband is currently operating at only 40% of their operating contentedness and are having difficultie s In managing rapid growth in personnel and operations. Another core weakness Is Wavebands lack of a sufficient customer base, order volume, net sales or Incoming cash flows.Waveband has experienced high capital expenditures associated with building and operating their distribution centers systems and technologies. Even though they are realizing a 70% return customer rate, they need to create an even larger initial customer draw to the store site, this is proving difficult since there is a lack of general acceptance of the Internet as a means of purchasing groceries and other consumer products. Also, the company does not cater to those individuals who have procrastinating natures and wait until their shopping is a necessity.Wavebands technology and delivery requirements cannot operate efficiently enough to offer same day delivery. A final reason for their weak customer base is that Waveband does not offer bulk products at discount prices as buying options, which has recently adjoi nd In popularity. Opportunities One of the opportunities that Waveband needs to focus their attention on Is their 70% repeat customers order level. To maintain peak operation, a company must not only work to bring In new customers, but It must malting the customer based that already has.Maintaining its repeat customer base will be a more cost efficient next to cultivation on a survey of the least liked household tasks. If Waveband can obtain these customers for the first order and delivery, they have a strong likelihood that the customers will try another order. Experts predict that American Internet access will triple by 2003 and the online grocery industry is expected to rise to up of one billion dollars. The potential consumer base is growing and if Waveband can attract these consumers, they will receive high levels of revenue.Conversion from being an e-grocer to an e-tailed is a substantial opportunity. The acquire margins in groceries are low so expanding their product lines and their variety will help Waveband cover the lower margins, increase their consumer base, and expand their customers opportunities and loyalties. Threats Lack of go along support from investors will mean that Waveband will not be able to keep the company running long enough to expand its customer base to the size that would be large enough to make a profit.If the brick-and-mortar chains, such as Kroger, developed and promoted a home delivery grocers service, competition would increase and it would be more difficult to attract customers. An existing brick-and- mortar store would already have established practices and brand recognition, which would be difficult to match at this early stage of Wavebands existence. Http//www. Slithered. Net/Electroweak/download-it-4077554

Integration Discussions to Include in Learning Portfolio Essay

The term colloquy was derived from the Latin communis misbegottening to share that is, sharing of concepts and ideas, feelings and emotion. In a literal sense however, communion means to inform to tell, to show, or to spread information (Singh, Amrik, Yadav, & Seema 2003, p. 1). Communication is vital to any organization as it constitute the conduct of the entire organization while culture is the essence of an organization. When the management becomes concern on results and outcomes rather than on the techniques and processes, the management becomes concern only on employees productivity but not with their welfare.Business organization should be people oriented and its written communication or its policies must be clearly and rightly utilise and should not hinder employees from enhancing their full productivity potential. Maydan (2003) pointed out that organizations, as entities, are alike embedded in cultures, and organizing is a communication process (p. 1). In a sense, orga nizational culture and policies it self are both part of communication. Thus, poor policies and policies that are poorly enforced both affects the organizational performance as healthy as the organizational life of business organization.It means that the employees rough-and-readyness is affected by poor implementation of policies such as limiting employees communication with other(a) employees in other departments and withal employees access to management because it effectively isolate them from people they perceive as source of moral strength and information. It also effectively weakens their productivity. It is widely accepted that team hightail it provides a better working relationship in any business organization. Here the degree to which work activities are organized around teams rather than individuals enhances the employees effectiveness and productivity.This is clearly illustrated in the game of basketball. team ups that play as a team have higher chances of winning. T eam work also creates fun as working together for a common cause creates group spirit, lightens up the atmosphere, and reduces tensions and conflicts (Dinsmore & Cabanis-Brewin, 2006). Team work is an example of effective communication. How the problem of communication could be avoided There are perhaps a number ways to avoid the problem of communication. Management should allow employees some exemption to communicate freely with other employees on matters relating to their jobs.Having a delivery person to convey messages to other department in the same business organization delays grievous communications that are may be vital for the companys growth. Business companies should be people oriented than profit oriented by pore more on their employees welfare. It is true that even losers can turn into winners when they properly motivated. Employees gain more confidence and satisfaction through increased self-esteem and conceit in their organization. In this way, employees can enjoy t heir work and they will become more productive in return.Aside from allowing employees some freedom to communicate, the management should also encourage its employees to innovate and take risk rather control them forced them to do more work. Gryskiewicz (1993) aptly stated that risk taking does not mean taking a blind chance rather it is a decision to implement a well-reasoned idea where benefits would far outweigh the loss, should that occur (p. 119). The problem of communication can be avoided if the management would be more people oriented. That is, if the management allows their employees to make some mistakes but at low cost, and to let them try their ideas. precaution to detail and in-your-faceness When companies pay attention to details and become more demanding to their employees to come up with better results, the more pressures they imposed on their employees to exhibit precision, uninflected skills, and attention to details. However, this is counter productive because t his does not encourage employees to be innovative or risk takers. The company should not create an organizational climate of awe rather it should strive to create a climate of trust.That means, allowing employees to even commit mistakes and to let them acknowledge such mistakes. Paying attention to details however is not bad indeed it is important that company management should pay attention to details though this does not guarantee success. Details of transactions, of goals and objectives, and of business strategy to be implemented are important for the management to aware of. But when it comes to committing mistakes and risk taking, the management should display trust and confidence in their employees.Aggressiveness on the other hand is an important character of any employee. People who are aggressive are competitive and achieved more. It is far desirable than easy going attitude. Being aggressive is a peremptory quality as it will get one ahead of others who are not aggressive. Going back to a game of basketball, a team who is more aggressive is likely to win the game. But aggressiveness is not always viewed as positive and beneficial quality. Many people be to view aggressiveness as the tendency to actively oppose someone elses position or viewpoint.But viewed in the context of competitiveness, aggressiveness is positive quality that can help employees achieved more. Reference Dinsmore, P. C. & Cabanis-Brewin, J. (2006) The AMA Handbook of Project Management USA AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn Gryskiewicz, S. S. (1993) Discovering Creativity USA Center for Creative Leadership Maydan, A. (2003) pinch Organizations Through Culture and Structure USA Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Sing, Amrik, Yadav & Seema (2003) Business Communication India Anmol Publication PVT. LTD

Factional Distillation of Crude Oil

8. 2. 1 (iv) aliquot Distillation of unmannerly cover By Blake Turner Year 11 Fractional Distillation of Crude Oil Introduction Crude oil is the term for unprocessed oil, the stuff that comes out of the ground. It is also known as petroleum. Crude oil is a fossil fuel, meaning that it was made naturally from decaying plants and animals living in ancient seas millions of years ago most places you can find boisterous oil were once sea beds. Crude oils vary in colour, from clear to tar-black, and in viscosity, from water to almost solid. On average, in the buff oils ar made of the next elements or compounds * Carbon 84% Hydrogen 14% * Sulphur 1 to 3% (hydrogen sulfide, sulfides, disulfides, elemental sulfur) * Nitrogen slight than 1% (basic compounds with amine groups) * Oxygen less than 1% (found in organic compounds such as carbon dioxide, phenols, ketones, carboxylic acids) * Metals less than 1% (nickel, iron, vanadium, copper, arsenic) * Salts less than 1% (sodium c hloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride) The Process Fractional Distillation The oldest and most common way to key things into various components (called fractions), is to do it using the contrasts in boiling temperature.This process is called fractional distillation. You basically heat crude oil up, let it vaporize and then narrow the dehydration The various components of crude oil have different sizes, weights and boiling temperatures so, the first step is to separate these components. Because they have different boiling temperatures, they can be separated easily by a process called fractional distillation. The steps of fractional distillation are as follows 1. You heat the mixture of two or more substances ( fluents) with different boiling points to a high temperature.Heating is usually done with high pressure travel to temperatures of about 1112 degrees Fahrenheit / 600 degrees Celsius. 2. The mixture boils, forming vapor (gases) most substances go into the vapor phas e. 3. The vapor enters the bottom of a long column (fractional distillation column) that is filled with trays or plates. The trays have many holes or bubble caps (like a loosened cap on a soda bottle) in them to allow the vapor to pass through. They extend the contact time between the vapor and the crystallines in the column and help to collect liquids that form at various heights in the column.There is a temperature difference across the column (hot at the bottom, cool at the top). 4. The vapor rises in the column. 5. As the vapor rises through the trays in the column, it cools. 6. When a substance in the vapour reaches a height where the temperature of the column is equal to that substances boiling point, it will condense to form a liquid. (The substance with the lowest boiling point will condense at the highest point in the column substances with higher boiling points will condense lower in the column. ). 7.The trays collect the various liquid fractions. 8. The collected liquid fractions may pass to condensers, which cool them further, and then go to storage tanks, or they may go to other areas for further chemical processing. Components of the Mixture Crude Oil Components All the . Product Boiling point ( degrees Celsius ) Petroleum gas 40 Naphtha or ligroin 60-100 Gasoline 40 205 Kerosene 175-325 Gas oil 250-350 Lubricating oil 300-370 obese gas 370-600 Residues 600 Products of Separation Assessment Question Why is the mixture separated?What are the components used for? Why is Mixture Separated? 42393793 161b What are the Components Used For? infra is a list of separated components and what they are used for Petroleum gas Used for heating, cooking and reservation plastics. Commonly known by the names methane, ethane, propane, butane. Naphtha or Ligroin Intermediate that will be further processed to make gasoline. Gasoline Motor fuel. liquid Kerosene Fuel for jet engines and tractors starting genuine for making other products. liquid Gas Oil or Dies el DistillateUsed for diesel fuel and heating oil starting material for making other products. liquid Lubricating Oil Used for motor oil, grease, other lubricants. liquid Heavy Gas or Fuel oil Used for industrial fuel starting material for making other products. liquid Residuals Coke, asphalt, tar, waxes starting material for making other products solid Wastes Bibliography http//science. howstuffworks. com/environmental/energy/oil-refining4. htm http//www. aip. com. au/industry/fact_refine. htm www. theoildrum. com/node/6089 en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Separation_process