Diagnosing and medicating grief as illness Essay

Diagnosing and medicating grief as illness - Essay Example Gup’s argument for alternative emotions management strategies, to medication is also justified. Grief has not been classified as depression, until the new D.S.M. publication, and the proposed management strategy may be a risky shortcut. Gup agues for use of coping skills and these appear to empower psychologically and to ensure a long lasting solution to emotions. In addition, understanding emotions such as grief to be non-medical conditions also justifies the call that medications should not be used for management. Traditional understanding of management of emotions such as grief also validates Gup’s position against medication of emotions. Grief normally transforms people’s lives and could motivate the grieving person of help the person identify opportunities for progression in life and medicating grief denies a person an opportunity for transformation. Grief is also a way of expressing love for what a person has lost and medical treatment therefore undermines the emotional aspect of grief. In addition, counseling that has been used as a strategy to managing grief requires acceptance of loss and the need to shift the pain to emotional development. Medication doses not however address the suffered loss and could therefore be a short-term solution yet a long-term solution is more appropriate. It is also important to note that crisis into emotions can be best understood from the beholder’s perspective. However, medication is based on a practitioner’s perspective and could therefore undermine resolving the real problem into grief.

Coffee-The Supply Chain Essay Example for Free

Coffee-The Supply Chain Essay Nowadays, people use different methods of mass media to express their concern about which sources cause (the ) pollution, and which consequences will be lead from it. This essay will try TO FIND OUT ABOUT (learning) these causes and effects of the pollution. There are different sources, which badly affect our environment. Different kinds of car, trucks on THE street day by day not only cause (the) noise in cities, but also damage clean air. Industrial plants, factories throw into the air huge amountS of waste. Green forests in the past are being cut down for producing wood production or for new areas of land. Dirty water from living buildings/PEOPLES HOUSES, from industrial zones is soured/POURED directly into rivers. We now face different kinds of pollution: air, water, noise and lack of green areas. From THE reasons mentioned above, our environment is changing. The air become less clean than ever before, many people now wearing/WEAR maskS when THEY WALK IN THE STREETS going on streets. THE Temperature becomes higher, cities air/THE AIR IN CITIES becomes hotter, and water in oceans becomes warmer. Many old green forests are like a bald hill when looking/YOU SEE THEM from ANairplane. The effects cannot be good for the environment itself, as well as for the people. Floods are so dangerous, but they are now very popular/COMMON everywhere in the world and are mentioned daily on TV. At the same time, some green areas return into death/TURN BACK INTO DEAD deserts. Just only these things are capable to damage/OF DAMAGING our world. There are many efforts are begin held for environment protectionWHICH ARE BEING STARTED TO PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT. But there is one more important thing WHICH must be cared/CARRIED about: we must stop harmful to our /STOP CAUSING HARM TO THE EVIRONMENT BY OUR ACTIONSenvironment actions, before taking/MAKING any effort to protect it Nestlà © is a pioneer in purchasing coffee direct from growers. A growing percentage of the companys coffee is bought direct from the producer and it is now one of the worlds largest direct purchasers. In countries where this is not possible Nestlà © operates in a way that takes it as close to the growers as possible. Nestlà © began its direct buying policy in 1986 and the amounts involved have steadily increased. In 1998, around 15 per cent of its green coffee purchases were bought directly. As an example, in the Philippines, farmers bring their produce to Nestlà ©s buying centers situated in the coffee growing regions. Quality is analyzed while they wait and growers are paid on the spot. In 1998, direct purchases accounted for over 90 per cent of the green coffee destined for its two instant coffee factories in the country. Today, a jar of instant coffee can be found in 93 per cent of British homes and increasingly consumers are trying out different types of coffee, such as cappuccino, espresso, mocha and latte. The expanding consumer demand for product choice, quality and value has led to an increase in the coffees being made available to a discerning public. Value is the way in which the consumer views an organization’s product in comparison with competitive offerings. So how does coffee get from growing on a tree perhaps 1,000m up a mountainside in Africa, Asia, Central or South America, to a cup of Nescafe in your home, and in millions of homes throughout the world? This case study explains why Nestlà © needs a first class supply chain, with high quality linkages from where the coffee is grown in the field, to the way in which it reaches the consumer. A supply chain is only as strong as its links. Different relationships exist between organizations involved in the separate stages of the chain whether it is in the structuring of product distribution, arrangements for payment and arrangements for handling, or in storing the product. At the heart of these relationships is the way in which  people treat each other. Long-term business relationships need to be based on honesty and fairness parties to a trading agreement need to feel that they are getting a fair deal. Creating wonderful cups of coffee is not only Nestlà ©s business; it is the business of everyone involved in the supply chain. It is in everyones interest the farmers and Nestlà ©s that farmers receive a fair income from their coffee. This ensures that they will continue to grow coffee, and to invest in increasing their yield and quality, and this in turn guarantees the supply of quality coffee which companies like Nestlà © require.

The Meaning of Beowulf Displayed Through Archetypes :: Epic of Beowulf Essay

The Meaning of Beowulf Displayed Through Archetypes There are many things in life that we do not have control over. In the majority of everyday life situations, people tend to react a certain way through human instinct. This instinct will portray one to be a wonderfully pleasant or extremely pusillanimous human being. Whether the person is viewed having a good or evil spirit strictly depends on the circumstances. Good vs. evil will always be a controversial subject that will be displayed through story telling, or just ordinary every day life. Archetypes and ways of living have been imbedded in our brains for a extremely long time. Life is a continuous cycle that will remain continuous due to subconscious actions of man kind. The story of Beowulf represents the on going cycle of good vs. evil. This theme is shown through heroic deeds, kinship, and dragon archetypes. Protecting innocent civilians, helping others in need and defeating evil are all clear examples of heroic deeds. Beowulf shows his heroic nature through his actions. Hearing that men were killed by Grendel, he jumps at the chance to save the others so that it won’t happen again. He does not fight with weapons which shows his fearlessness and strength. Beowulf conquers evil by not hesitating to put his life on the line for others in need. These actions are what portray him to be a hero and not just a plain, ordinary man. The two monsters in Beowulf are seemingly out to kill men. They both like in murky, chaotic and unpleasant places representing their dark and gloomy appearances. Grendel represents evil in the story because he hurts and kills men. The innocent victims pled with Grendel to stop killing and eating them. Grendel doesnâ€⠄¢t listen to what they say and he keeps on killing because it is what he enjoys doing it. In the story of Beowulf Grendel is one of the major examples of evil. The other clear example of evil is the Dragon. The Dragon and Grendel both represent death, chaos and darkness (Encyclopedia of Archetypal Symbolism â€Å"Ananda†). Although he is mortally injured, after fighting both of the vicious monsters Beowulf comes out victorious, showing his destruction of evil. In the journey of a hero there are three distinct stages. These stages consist of departure, heroic deed and return. Before the departure one has to have a desire to help others, which displays a strong form of kinship.

School is bad for children

Seventeen years of reading, cramming, listening and studying. One for kindergarten, six for middle school and another six for high school, plus the dreaded four years in college, all these seventeen years to get a degree and work for a living. Going to school to attend classes, submit homework and projects, and to take examinations have become a part of our culture and tradition. It is deeply embedded in our laws and in our minds. We all have come to believe that without school, we are nothing. We are nothing especially when compared to those who have dedicated 17 years of their lives, money, time and effort in schooling. However, it is not what it seems to be anymore. A place for learning and for growing is being questioned. There have been studies that resulted in concepts that have not been considered when the idea of a school for everybody and everyone was put up. The implications of these have resulted in the skepticism of the current education system, whether or not it caters to everybody or if it still upholds the quality of education that they promised to give. In the essays by John Holt, David Miller Sadker and Myra Pollack Sadker, and Ji-Yeon Mary Yuhfill, several key points were noted that direct to the same issue, schooling has to be changed. These authors were able to identify various reasons that could be grounds for changing the current educational system. As of the moment, all children are required by law to go to school, at least up until high school. College, on the other, is an option that only people who can afford to pay for the tuition fee take. For the rest, high school suffices enough to get them jobs to earn money for providing themselves with the basic necessities. However, John Holt believes that going to school is actually a hindrance for a growing child to become the person that he is supposed to be, David Miller Sadker and Myra Pollack Sadker thinks that the current way of evaluating one’s intelligence is not accurate because of the identified multiple intelligences, and Ji-Yeon Mary Yuhfill found out that what is being taught in the four walls of the classroom is not true to the factual occurrences in history. These three authors are not exactly talking about one thing but they are all on the same page. John Holt’s essay entitled, â€Å"School is bad for children,† talks about learning outside school and compares it to learning inside it. he describes how a child, before entering the school premises, was an explorer and a creative individual who is not scared of trying different things. The independence of learning all by one’s self has become the tool in the growth and development of a child from birth to just before entering school. He asserted that the infant did not really need a teacher in learning something that he thinks is inexistent, language. He was able to manipulate this language, learn it and use it, without the aid of a classroom. He had in him characteristics such as perseverance, patience and determination that he developed by trying out new things, when he explores his environment. None of these he can do inside a school. Holt reasons out that in school, students are taught to be submissive and to be controlled by an environment that is not conducive to learning. Hence, all of the characteristics that he once possessed were kept inside him and he was not allowed to use it when needed. For example, in the real world, the child can make mistakes. He can run very fast and he could stumble and have his skin scraped. Nevertheless, he will stand up and learn the lesson that he should not do that again when the ground is not leveled enough because he is going to have bruises, which is very unpleasant. However, when in school, he is not allowed to run fast. Holt translates this analogy into believing that a child should be allowed to make mistakes and learn the right answers on their own. Then again, in school, one is not allowed to make mistakes, teachers only ask for the right answers, so do examinations. Human interaction is also made insignificant in school. However, this is a very important lifelong ability that we should not dare pass up to learn. Holt emphasizes how the school disallows talking to classmates and playing with them while inside the school premises. This poses a very big problem to learning and developing socializing skills. In David Miller Sadker and Myra Pollack Sadker’s essay, they discuss the importance of the multiple intelligences and the emotional intelligence factor. Eight intelligences have been identified, which are the logical-mathematical intelligence, the linguistic intelligence, the bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, the musical, spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic intelligence. Each of these intelligences represent an ability or a set of abilities that manifests as skills and interests that an individual posses and it does not really have to be in the academic field. For example, dancing, painting, singing, and even interacting with other people are considered to be a form of intelligence. However, in schools and in the existing educational curriculum, only the IQ or the intelligence quotient is what seems to be of utmost importance. A student’s ability is rated through the grades and examination performance. The other intelligences do not even make it to the report card; they are only electives in some schools, while in others they are just clubs. The multiple intelligences also tell us that every person is unique and it will stand out in their areas of specialty or their forte. One should not be forced to do something that they have almost no affinity to because they excel in the opposite of that task. Another important discovery made is the emotional intelligence factor and how its determination at an early age was a predictor of the child’s success in the later years of life. Basically, the argument that they presented in the essay is that there is no one test to measure the range of abilities and skills that a student possesses. This is a problem because the current system utilized in schools may become a hindrance for developing the other aspects of intelligence of the students. The essay by Ji-Yeon Mary Yuhfill talked about how she felt cheated because of the historical inaccuracies that she learned in school and how knowing the truth could change one’s life forever. She stated that what she learned in school is that the United States of America was all about how the white skinned people were able to conquer and start a nation so great on their own. However, she learned in her own research later on that this was not the case. She learned that so many other cultures existed during the coming of America as one nation, and that these other people of different ethnicity were of help that time and without them, America will never be the same. These three essays focused on different issues and concepts, but they all arrived on the same conclusion, change is needed in the educational system. Holt presents five solutions that he believes can help our students in becoming more like the person that they should have become right from the start. He suggests that the compulsory school attendance should be banned or there should be a higher number of absences to be allowed. It has become so hard to keep children in school in the first place, and it costs the government more money now keeping kids in school because they do not want to be there. He also mentioned that out of classroom learning should be implemented. This is because much of the real learning for the real world happens outside of school. He also wants that children learn from other children, and that children judge their own work. This is very much needed especially when interacting with others and in trying to create standards for one’s self. In doing so, children are able to share ideas, learn from the other child’s perspective, and learn from their own mistakes. Lastly, he proposes to eradicate the fixed and required curriculum. This proposal may coincide to David Miller Sadker and Myra Pollack Sadker’s case in point, the multiple intelligences. Holt says that there is no point in making children study what they are not interested in or what they do not excel in. each person has their own type of intelligence, and so this is why a standardized measurement of intelligence will not suffice. Albeit indirectly implied, there has to be a new system wherein the personal intelligences of each student can be quantified. David Miller Sadker and Myra Pollack Sadker mentioned the portfolio approach. It is described as a more comprehensive assessment that includes student artifacts such as papers, projects, videotapes, and exhibits, which offer tangible examples of student learning. It does not have to be just a report card anymore. Moreover, learning does not have to be all about the good stuff. It was suggested in Ji-Yeon Mary Yuhfill’s essay that both the good and the bad aspects of history should be taught in school and let the children decide. A multicultural curriculum will not only make the children develop critical thinking, it will also help them develop the skills that can assist in the improvement of their country. I personally believe in change. It is inevitable and it is the only constant thing in the world. If we want to improve things and learn from mistakes, we should start it with the children. Not only because they are the future leaders of our country, but because we want them to become the best person that they could possibly be, the best pianist, the best mathematician, the best doctor, the best chef. We have to let them fall down and make mistakes, because this is the only way they could learn. We have to allow them to flourish in the things that they are passionate about, because it is the only way that they can develop their talents and skills. We have to believe in them, whether or not they believe in themselves, because they would need all our love and support as they struggle to find their true identities. It is not a question of whether or not school is the best for children; it is whether or not we can accept the changes that should be implemented in these institutions. And if we want a better future for everyone, we should.

Social inequlity

We live in a world that is culturally diverse. Gender, sexuality, race, ethnicity are Just some of the diverse areas In society that are believed to be Important. In spite of these differences, we tend to centre ourselves round people who we can relate to In somewhat and those who are similar to us, If that being people who are the same status, share physical or biological traits or even have the same or similar lifestyle to us. Due to all this, it's in our human nature to be ethnocentric towards people who re different from us.This causes discrimination, which in time causes social inequality, something that is becoming very common in our society today. One of the noticeable areas of discrimination is race. Race refers to the biological characteristics of one; skin color, hair/ eye color, height etc. Related to race is ethnicity, which relates to the cultural factor such as nationality, ancestry, language, beliefs and culture. Both race and ethnicity can cause a big controversy all around the world, the controversy being racism.Focusing on Australia, the nation Is known or their warm welcoming to different races and ethnicities. Many people believe that Australia being so open to different cultures etc. Is a wonderful thing they tend to miss out on the racism that occurs. As with America, Australia represents a large percentage of racism towards different races all across. For instance; Indigenous people of Australia. These people are known to be the first people on Australian land, it's their land, so why all the hate towards them.Many indigenous are very disadvantage as they live In poor remote areas of all parts of Australia, when they are men by â€Å"white people†, they don't have a bad word to say, but as soon as the â€Å"white person† glances at them, racial abuse is Just heard. Indigenous sport players have encountered some on ground racism throughout matches, 1 993 saw SST Skill's Nick Winner responds to racists taunts from the oppositi on crowd by lifting his shirt, pointing to his skin and saying that his proud to be black.In another example of discrimination Is, the article Office work and crack alternative, Philippe Bourbons shows how a group of Puerco Rican Immigrants faced discrimination due to their ace, which resulted in deprivation of jobs at a range of work places and they were stereotyped as lazy and good for nothing people. Ethnicity has played a huge role in social inequality. The trust of one's own ethnic group(ethnocentrism) allows a system in which societies rank categories of people in a hierarchy ( social stratifications) creating inequality (Furze 2012).This all then results to all sorts of things, such as; personal insults (egg. Name calling), structural obstacles (egg. No loans). This can effect a person's physical and mental health which could then lead to harming oneself. ND gender is not the same thing but they do have some connection between each other. Sex comes down to our biological char acteristics; it's the genitals that we are born with that distinguish from female and male. Gender on the other hand, Is our behavioral characteristics that involve feelings and attitudes (Furze 2012).Not everyone Is the same, no matter what sex your born some people may feel different inside, this is called interest, it's a condition where a person is born with a or male. Transgender are people who self-identity does not conform definitely to invitational notions of male or female gender. Panderer who are people are those who do not wish to be labeled as female or male in gender, as they feel that they do not fit into binary genders because they feel they are all genders.Homosexuality is a sexual attraction to (or sexual relations with) persons of the same sex (Lower,J 2012). There are four theories of gender; Functionalism, Conflict theories, Symbolic interaction theories and the Feminist Theory. Symbolic interaction theory relates to how gender is formed with the connections and interpretations of society. It is analyses with a mirror perception and an examination of gender on a day to day level, for example men will talk over women to demonstrate a higher level of power.Functionalism is really relating to how the society works as a whole. From where men do contributing and active work and where women commit to the expressive roles to society. In this theory theorists saw the big wage gap of inequalities as result, women would commit to families roles rather than working roles. Conflict theories a society where women are severely disadvantaged with the inequalities that have be formed u to social structure.An example of this is a problem that has been happening for decades the wage inequalities between men and women; we see that men have been having earning more than women even if it's the same role in a Job. Lastly, the feminist theory is the theory where women have operated a movement that aims to demonstrate the position of women in society and to highly improve their status in society. Gender inequality can and should be changed for the benefit of all. All these theories can in the end result to gender division of labor.

Hamlet - The Real Tragedy Essays - Characters In Hamlet, Free Essays

Hamlet - The Real Tragedy Essays - Characters In Hamlet, Free Essays Hamlet - The "Real" Tragedy In Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, the death of a character becomes a frequent event. Although many people lose their lives as a result of their own self-centered wrong-doing, there are others whose death are a result of manipulation from the royalty. This is the case of Polonius? family. The real tragedy of Hamlet is not that of Hamlet or his family but of Polonius? family because their deaths were not the consequence of sinful actions of their own but rather by their innocent involvement in the schemes of Claudius and Hamlet. The first character to die in Hamlet is Polonius. Although Polonius often acts in a deceitful manner when dealing with Hamlet, it is only because he is carrying out plans devised by the king or queen to discover the nature of Hamlet?s madness. Being the king?s Lord Chamberlain, it is his duty to obey the king and queen?s wishes and it is this loyalty that eventually proves to be fatal for him. An example of hoe Polonius? innocent involvement with the royalty results in his death can be found at the beginning of Act III, scene iv, when Hamlet stabs him while he is hiding behind the arras in Gertude?s room. This shows how Polonius, a man unaware of the true nature of the situation he is in, is killed by a member of the royalty during the execution of one of their schemes. This makes Polonius? death a tragedy. The next member of Polonius? family to die is his daughter Ophelia. Ophelia?s death is tragic because of her complete innocence in the situation. Some may argue that Polonius deserves his fate because of his deceitfulness in dealing with Hamlet while he is mad, but Ophelia is entirely manipulated and used by Hamlet and the king for their own selfish reasons. An example of how Ophelia is used by Hamlet takes place in Act II, scene I, when Hamlet uses her to convince his family he is mad. Ophelia explains to Polonius how Hamlet has scared her, causing Polonius to draw the conclusion that Hamlet has an "antic disposition". Although this is the subject to interpretation and many believe that this is simply Hamlet taking one last look at Ophelia before he becomes engaged in his plan to kill Claudius, the fact that he scares her and does not try to alleviate these fears points to the conclusion that he is simply using her to help word of his madness spread throughout the kingdom via Polonius. In Act III, scene iv, Hamlet kills Polonius while he is hiding behind the arras in the Queen?s room. This event causes Ophelia to become insane and leads to her eventual death in a river near the castle in Act IV, scene vii. It can be seen how the combined scheming of Hamlet?s scheme which brings about the death of Polonius which leads to Ophelia?s death. The passing of Ophelia is a tragedy because she does nothing deserving of death, she is merely used for other people?s personal gain. The last member of Polonius? family to die is Laertes, Ophelia?s brother and Polonius?s son. Laertes? death is tragic because, although he kills Hamlet, he is avenging his father?s death, an act, with reference to the moral climate of the 1600s, that would have been condoned by the people who saw the play. The difference between Hamlet and Laertes is that Laertes does not use others to attain his goals and his revenge is in part due to the pressure put on him by Claudius. This makes Laertes? murder of Hamlet excusable and his death a tragedy. An example of how Claudius uses Laertes to try and murder Hamlet is seen in Act IV, scene vii. Claudius and Laertes are discussing Hamlet when Claudius says: Laertes, was your father dear to you? Or are you like painting of a sorrow, A face without a heart? He is asking Laertes whether he is really sorry about his father?s death or if he is just acting mournful without feeling mournful. Claudius uses these lines to lead Laertes into a plan to kill Hamlet, asking him what will he do to prove his

Americas Fascination with Entertainment essays

America's Fascination with Entertainment essays At the end of the day, the typical American turns on the television when they get home and proceeds to flip through the channels until the sight of twenty guys standing around an attractive woman catches their eye. The guys are smiling ear to ear knowing they are going to have to out do the guys standing next to them. Entertainment has changed drastically since our parents were our age. In the 1960's, the entertainment industry was very small compared to today. There was television, radio, movie theaters, and going to sporting events. Conversation between family members was a main part of entertainment back then. Today, the industry has added computers, video games, Internet, pornography, and much more. America's fascination with the entertainment industry is influenced by childhood upbringing, boredom, the need to escape from reality, violence, and advertising because people want to be captivated and the time constraints Americans place in their lives. Childhood upbringing affects the enchantment the entertainment industry plays in a person's life. Many kids today are placed in front of a television set or computer when their parents need a "babysitter." Parents use the television and computer as a way to keep their kids out of their hair when they don't have time to mess with them. According to www.nccev.org, "56% of children ages eight through sixteen have a television in their rooms." The television in their room plays a role in how much television programs they watch unsupervised. Unsupervised television viewing allows the child to watch any program they desire. The parent needs to monitor the programs the child watches. The child could be watching adult programs with violence, nudity, adult content, and adult language. Kids are brought up in this day and age thinking when there is nothing to do, and they are bored to turn on the television. Boredom may be the force that causes the greatest fascination with ent...

Adjective Order - Definition and Examples in Grammar

Adjective Order s in Grammar In English grammar, adjective order is the customary order in which two or more adjectives appear in front of a noun phrase. Although adjective order in English isnt random, ordering relations . . . are tendencies rather than rigid rules. (David Dennison, Cambridge History of the English Language) Examples and Observations (a) Very smart little gold-plated collar pins come in various designs.(Marion C. Taylor, Shopping for the Smart Set. The Smart Set, December 1911)(b) Stanley was the little smart one whom we went to for authoritative answers.(Philip Zimbardo, The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil. Random House, 2007)(a) This brave old man and his sons were amongst the first to hear and heed the trumpet of freedom calling them to battle.(Frederick Douglas, Life and Times of Frederick Douglas, 1881)(b) This is the roadstead all of boardreached by the sailorwearing the watchthat tells the timeof the old, brave manthat lies in the house of Bedlam.(Elizabeth Bishop, Visits to St. Elizabeths. Partisan Review, Spring 1957)[A] brave young man and a brave old man are acceptable, but *brave blond man is not. Both young and old help specify the meaning of brave (brave young ... suggests taking risks, and brave old . . . suggests enduring, perhaps), but brave blond... is odd because it has no appropriate meaning elements to specify the sense of brave.(Jim Feist, Premodifiers in English: Their Structure and Significance. Cambridge University Press, 2012) The order of adjectives in English is not rand om; different types of adjectives occur in a certain order. The exception to this is with adjectives of general description and those of physical state (size, shape, color), where their order may be reversed. ( 16a) They own an enormous, long-handled cutting knife.( 16b) They own a long-handled, enormous cutting knife.( 17a) She has a round yellow sofa.( 17b) She has a yellow round sofa. When the adjective order is reversed, as in the sentences above, the speaker generally wants to emphasize or draw attention to the first adjective in the sequence.Native speakers and highly proficient non-native speakers know intuitively the order in which adjectives should occur when more than one is used. . . . However, the order of a string of adjectives is something that ESL/EFL learners need to learn.   (Andrea DeCapua, Grammar for Teachers: A Guide to American English for Native and Non-Native Speakers. Springer, 2008) The Order of Limiting and Descriptive Adjectives When limiting and descriptive adjectives appear together, the limiting adjectives precede the descriptive adjectives, with the articles usually in the first position: The ten yellow taxis were sold at auction.[article ( The), limiting adjective ( ten), descriptive adjective ( yellow)] (Gerald J. Alred, Charles T. Brusaw, and Walter E. Oliu, The Business Writers Handbook, 9th ed. Macmillan, 2010) The Order of Adjectives in a Series Sometimes adjectives appear in a string; when they do, they must appear in a particular order according to category.Adjective appear in the following order: 1. Determiners articles and other limiters . . .2. Observationpostdeterminers and limiter adjectives and adjectives subject to subjective measure . . .3. Size and shapeadjectives subject to objective measure . . .4. Ageadjectives describing age . . .5. Coloradjectives describing color . . .6. Originadjectives denoting the source of the noun . . .7. Materialadjectives describing what something is made of . . .8. Qualifierfinal limiter that is often part of the noun . . . (Kevin Wilson and Jennifer Wauson, The AMA Handbook of Business Writing: The Ultimate Guide to Style, Grammar, Punctuation, Usage, Construction, and Formatting. AMACOM, 2010) Norms and Variations Adjectives have mutual ordering relations which are tendencies rather than rigid rules: big brown bag is a more likely ordering than brown big bag. Over the entire recorded history of English there have been some changes herecompare Chaucers the old pore mans dethbut in our period there seems to be little chronological variation. We find such examples as ( 93a) but indeed that little foolish Woman has made me very uneasy.(1789 Betsy Sheridan, Journal 60 p. 171 ([15 June])( 93b) you little ungrateful puss(1848 Gaskell, Mary Barton vi.87)( 93c) Mrs Lee is a little timid woman(1850 Gaskell, Letters 70 p. 112 [26 April])( 93d) they came into the little interesting criss-crossy streets that held the most interesting shops of all(1906 Nesbit, Amulet i.18)( 94a) Then there is an old curious seat of the Marquis of Northampton(1838 Gaskell, Letters 12 p. 28 [18 August])( 94b) down some old mysterious stone steps(1841 ibid. 15 p. 820)( 95) in order to find the knitting old woman [some old woman who was famous . . . for her skill in knitting woolen stockings](1851-3 Gaskell, Cranford xi.101) In (93) we might expect little to come one place further to the right in PDE [present-day English], likewise old in (94), while knitting in (95) would probably come next to the head noun. Of course, isolated oddities do not in themselves show a difference in the language system, since at any period there has been freedom to violate the norms of adjectival order.(David Dennison, Syntax. The Cambridge History of the English Language, Volume 4, ed. by Suzanne Romaine. Cambridge University Press, 1998) Idiomatic Placement of Adjectives Harper 1975, 1985 points out that some precisiansnit-pickers is Harpers wordobject to the illogical placement of adjectives in such expressions as a hot cup of coffee, a brand-new pair of shoes. The argument is that its the coffee thats hot, the shoes that are brand-new. . . . Harper points out that the placement of these adjectives is idiomatically correct, so the nitpickers may be ignored.(Merriam-Websters Dictionary of English Usage. Merriam-Webster, 1994) Semantic Factors Affecting Adjective Order In most publications that discuss adjective order, the semantics of the adjectives is presented as the main factor determining their ordering, although phonological and pragmatic factors (like euphony, idiomacy and emphasis) are generally thought to have some influence as well. The publications do not agree, however, on the nature of the semantic factor that is responsible for the order of the adjectives. Biber et al. (1999) argue that (English) adjectives expressing inherent features have to stand closer to the noun than those expressing non-inherent features (e.g. a new red ball). Martin (1969), Posner (1986) and Sproat and Shih (1988), on the other hand, assume that the crucial factor for adjective ordering is their (in)dependence on comparison (i.e. the degree in which recognition of the feature asks for comparison with other objects). They argue that the less dependent on the comparison, the nearer the adjective is placed to the noun. Hetzron (1978) and Risselada (1984), in thei r turn, suppose that the subjectivity/objectivity of the adjectives controls their position: the more objective the quality expressed by the adjective (i.e. the more a matter of recognition instead of opinion), the closer to the noun it has to be expressed (e.g. a nice green shirt, *a green nice shirt). Wulff (2003), finally, concludes on the basis of a statistical corpus analysis that various factors affect adjective ordering, of which (in)dependence on the comparison, affective load and the subjectivity/objectivity of the adjective are most influential.(Stà ©phanie J. Bakker, The Noun Phrase in Ancient Greek. Brill, 2009) Also Known As: order of adjectives, adjectival order

Theory of representation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Theory of representation - Case Study Example The most symbolic event of this political transformation is the recent election of Barack Obama to the office of President. The rest of this essay will critically assess Anne Phillips' "politics of presence" theory of representation, by contrasting it to alternative theories and interpretations forwarded by other scholars. In the introduction to her book 'The Politics of Presence', Anne Phillips states that "most voters know too little about the candidates to make their talents or virtues the basis for political choice. Most voters, indeed, would query whether these should be a central concern. We might all wish to be represented by people we regard as wiser or more able than ourselves, but, faced with a choice between someone more competent and someone whose views we can share, we usually feel safer in giving our support to the latter. The political party provides us with the necessary shorthand for making our political choice: we look at the label rather than the person, and hope we will not be let down." (Phillips, 1998, p.15) The above passage captures the essential dilemma confronting a voter, who is often unsure of which candidate truly represents his/her interests, opinions and beliefs and in turn will help create matching policy measures. Typically, there are no concrete ways in which one can ascertain if a candidate really represents the aspirations of the voter. To this extent the democratic system is said to operate on "the politics of ideas". Anne Phillips' model of representation based on "politics of presence" aims to provide an alternative framework for analyzing representation. At the centre of political representation based on presence is the demand for equality based on gender, race, class and other parameters of a particular democratic society. The well-entrenched politics of ideas, which is the dominant model in the twentieth century, suggests "a broadly secular understanding of politics as a matter of judgement and debate, and expects political loyalties to develop around policies rather than people" (Phillips, 1998, p.16). But either due to the apparent failure of this model of representation or due to the compulsions of modern times, political scientists and public intellectuals are looking at alternative models of representation, based on avenues of "'typical' or 'mirror' or 'random' representation, which they have seen as a better approximation to the old dream of being ruler and ruled in turn, or as a more satisfactory way of ensuring that all interests are adequately addressed" (Phillips, 1998, p.16). Although Anne Phillips does not endorse these radical alternatives to traditional models of democratic representation, the theory based on 'politics of presence' is an effort toward the broader search for alternatives. The politics of presence theory of representation tries to address the sense of political exclusion felt by communities defined by their race, gender or ethnicity. More specifically, the politics of presence "demands for the equal representation of women with men; demands for a more even-handed balance between the different ethnic groups that make up each society; demands for the political inclusion of groups that have come to see themselves as marginalized or

Specialty Courts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Specialty Courts - Essay Example Specialty courts have different goals depending on the category of specialty courts they are. There are therapeutic courts and nontherapeutic courts. The aim of therapeutic courts is the improvement of personal health in various areas such as treatment of mental health and substance problems. The courts also seek to try to increase court efficiency. As for nontherapeutic courts, their main objective is to increase court efficiency. Judges and court staff with special training would make this objective achievable, as they would decrease the time required to solve cases. Efficiency would, in turn, minimize uncertainty, disruptions and even stress associated with cases dragging on for long. The main aim of unified family courts is to have the management of all issues that pertain to a single family in one place. Such issues include divorce, equitable division of property, child custody and juvenile delinquency. The emphasis of these courts is on rehabilitation and safeguarding the inter ests of children. On the other hand, DTCs aim at treating people under criminal charges and who have problems with drugs and alcohol. They aim at reducing the rates of rearrest for offenses related to substance abuse.The authors planned to evaluate the specialty courts in two steps. First, they would assess how the presence of unified family courts and drug treatment courts in a North Carolina influenced the time children stayed under foster care and the placement they got when leaving foster care.

Leadership and Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Leadership and Management - Assignment Example oup Problem Solving: Leadership and Motivation: The performance of different members in a business organization largely depends on the leadership style followed within the organization and the factors that motivate the employees personally. Employees may be motivated either by external factors like wages and rewards or by internal factors like their relationship with their work. Based on the different needs of different individuals, there are three motivational theories that are applicable for business organizations. These are the Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Alderfer’s ERG Theory, and McClelland’s Theory of Needs (Nader n.d.). Maslow divided the needs of humans into five divisions that include their psychological needs, safety needs, relationship needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization. Psychological needs involve the basic needs of an individual like food, shelter, and clothing. Safety needs include security of jobs, a good working environment, and plans fo r pensions and insurances. Relationship needs reflect the need to socialize and have friends and companions around. Esteem needs are those that are more than the basic needs such as need for appreciation and recognition. Finally, self-actualization is the stage where an individual feels the need to pursue further to achieve something for his own. This need may completely vary from one man to another and tend to become individualistic in nature (Nader n.d.). Alderfer’s theory focused on an individual’s need for existence, thus requiring suitable conditions and materials; the need for relatedness that may be achieved through interactions and communications with others; and the need for growth reflected through their achievements and self-actualization. According to McClelland’s theory individuals feel... From the assignment presented by the researcher, it can be concluded that Lee, who was analyzed as the leadership manager of the company proved to be an effective leader as far as finding solution to the problems that were established from the start, such as customer dissatisfaction and employee motivation that was concerned. The researcher analyzed his recommendations and states that instead of ignoring the problem, the leadership manager surveyed and determined that a reward program might prove to be effective to motivate the employees towards effective performance that was lacking in the present situation. The leadership manager also proved to be a responsible leader trying to improve the performance of all the team members such that the organizational goals may be achieved. The proposal for a standardized method of recruitment that was described in the assignment can also be said to be an effective measure suggested by the manager for recruitment of effective people which is othe rwise not achieved through unstructured interview patterns. The researcher then mentiones that understanding the particular needs of employees and hence fulfilling them would be a better option for future improvement and successful work. Moreover, transformational leadership would be recommended in such cases as described in the assignment as it allows to establish better communications between the leader and the employees, thereby improving the relation and move towards more cognitive consensus for problem solving.

How music affect the brain Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

How music affect the brain - Research Paper Example The pitch and rhythm of music are primarily the functions of left brain hemisphere, whereas melody and timbre are mostly processed in the right hemisphere of the brain. The processing of meter takes place in both hemispheres of brain. The spatial-temporal tasks are located in the very brain areas which are stimulated by music. Such spatial-temporal tasks include spatial reasoning required to build structures, and physical objects’ 2-D and 3-D manipulation. Music stimulates the brain areas that are related to spatial reasoning. While this effect usually is only 15 minutes long after the end of music (â€Å"How Music Affects†). The spatial reasoning of an individual is markedly increased while listening to music. Brain’s response to music Music constitutes fragile timing violations. Experience suggests the listeners that music is not threatening. The frontal lobes ultimately identify these violations as a source of pleasure. As a result of this expectation, anticip ation is developed that when met, helps develop the reward reaction. A fundamental characteristic feature of music that differentiates it from other stimuli is its ability to conjure up feelings and images which might not necessarily reflect in the memory directly. A certain kind of mystery still remains in the overall phenomena; the factors explaining the thrill of listening to music are integrally linked with synesthesia based theories. The brain of a new born baby has not differentiated its structure into components meant for the identification and appreciation of various senses. It takes time for the brain to develop this differentiation. As the theory suggests, babies perceive the world as â€Å"a large, pulsing combination of colors and sounds and feelings, all melded into one... The "How music affects the brain" essay outlines how the brain understands and processes it. Music constitutes fragile timing violations. Experience suggests the listeners that music is not threatening. The frontal lobes ultimately identify these violations as a source of pleasure. As a result of this expectation, anticipation is developed that when met, helps develop the reward reaction. A fundamental characteristic feature of music that differentiates it from other stimuli is its ability to conjure up feelings and images which might not necessarily reflect in the memory directly. A certain kind of mystery still remains in the overall phenomena; the factors explaining the thrill of listening to music are integrally linked with synesthesia based theories. The brain of a new born baby has not differentiated its structure into components meant for the identification and appreciation of various senses. It takes time for the brain to develop this differentiation. As the theory suggests, babies perceive the world as â€Å"a large, pulsing combination of colors and sounds and feelings, all melded into one experience – ultimate synesthesia† (Mohana). Different areas of the brain become specialized in the different senses with the development of brain over the passage of time. â€Å"After a year of training, the kids who have been in the music training are better able to synchronize to the beat and to remember the beat† (Kraus cited in Wise). Music improves intelligence, learning, cognition, and motor skills.

HRM-analysis, evaluating, link the corporate strategy with the HRM Assignment - 1

HRM-analysis, evaluating, link the corporate strategy with the HRM strategy of organisation - Assignment Example For an industry to harness the full potential of its employees as a way to succeed in the competitive world, it must alter three factors of managerial control which are; business design, culture and HR practices and policies (Sims, 2006, 34). Currently, several global companies such as Samsung restructured their practices proving a more autonomous environment in order to structure the intangible aspects of the workplace (Truss, 2012 p.266). These intangible factors include beliefs, norms and values. The aim of the essay below is to discuss the strategic human resource management of the world’s largest company Samsung group. The study involves identifying; analysing and evaluating the human resource strategy applied and connect it to HR theories and models. It includes looking at how Samsung implements vertical integration in their human resource department. The objective of the discussion involves identifying and defining the issue at hand. Second, clear comprehension of the concepts, models and theories of strategic human resource management in Samsung. Finally, critical assessment and understanding of the models and theories of strategic human resource management featured in the organisation. For some years, there is a noteworthy rise in the expansion of interest towards strategic management (Cooke, 2003 p.45). The interest leads to the enhancement if concern by various organisation functions towards their responsibility in strategic management process. Therefore, the human resource management became integrated to the strategic management procedure by the development of a new principle referred to as Strategic Resource Management (SHRM). SHRM refers to all the activities impacting the behaviour of people in their efforts to create and implement a business tactic (Henderson, 2011, p.67). Strategic human resource management contains four main attributes, which include: organisation

Business Taxation. See uploaded guidlines Essay

Business Taxation. See uploaded guidlines - Essay Example Research and development (R&D) tax credits are a company tax relief which can either reduce a company’s tax bill or, for some small or medium sized companies, provide a cash sum’. Through a different definition it is noticed that ‘Research and development tax credits are a company tax relief which can either reduce a company’s tax bill or, for some small or medium sized companies, provide a cash sum; the R&D tax credit works by allowing companies to deduct up to 150% of qualifying expenditure on R&D activities when calculating their profit for tax purposes’ (The Small Business Portal, 2006). It should be noticed that the above scheme can lead to the benefits stated above only if specific terms and requirements are met (as it will be explained below). The benefits offered by this scheme to firms across the country can be differentiated. Specifically for small businesses it is noticed by the UK HM Revenue and Customs that the particular scheme can lead to a reduction of the tax bill up to a percentage of 15%. On the other hand, it is also supported that ‘some SME companies not in profit can surrender their R&D tax losses for cash (in the form of a payable credit) of up to 24p per  £1 of actual expenditure within specified categories’ (UK, HM Revenue and Customs, Small Businesses). The level of the benefit can reach up to a 100% of capital allowances for small firms that make a relevant capital expenditure. In order to understand the benefits offered for small businesses in UK under the particular scheme it is necessary to refer primarily to the definition of R&D scheme at least regarding its general characteristics. In this context, it is noticed that ‘broadly, in order to qualify, activities must be creative or innovative work in the fields of science or technology and undertaken with a view to the extension of knowledge and breaking new ground, whether that be through resolving some uncertainty or creating a new or substantially improved

HRM-analysis, evaluating, link the corporate strategy with the HRM Assignment - 1

HRM-analysis, evaluating, link the corporate strategy with the HRM strategy of organisation - Assignment Example For an industry to harness the full potential of its employees as a way to succeed in the competitive world, it must alter three factors of managerial control which are; business design, culture and HR practices and policies (Sims, 2006, 34). Currently, several global companies such as Samsung restructured their practices proving a more autonomous environment in order to structure the intangible aspects of the workplace (Truss, 2012 p.266). These intangible factors include beliefs, norms and values. The aim of the essay below is to discuss the strategic human resource management of the world’s largest company Samsung group. The study involves identifying; analysing and evaluating the human resource strategy applied and connect it to HR theories and models. It includes looking at how Samsung implements vertical integration in their human resource department. The objective of the discussion involves identifying and defining the issue at hand. Second, clear comprehension of the concepts, models and theories of strategic human resource management in Samsung. Finally, critical assessment and understanding of the models and theories of strategic human resource management featured in the organisation. For some years, there is a noteworthy rise in the expansion of interest towards strategic management (Cooke, 2003 p.45). The interest leads to the enhancement if concern by various organisation functions towards their responsibility in strategic management process. Therefore, the human resource management became integrated to the strategic management procedure by the development of a new principle referred to as Strategic Resource Management (SHRM). SHRM refers to all the activities impacting the behaviour of people in their efforts to create and implement a business tactic (Henderson, 2011, p.67). Strategic human resource management contains four main attributes, which include: organisation

English as a national language of America Essay

English as a national language of America - Essay Example Noah Webster is regarded as the founding father of the American English who realized the need for standardization of the language and worth of linguistic identity (Language Translation Inc., 2006). According to surveys, English is considered as the official language in fifty-one countries and in twenty-seven states of America. Statistics show that it is the mother language of 82% of the population and almost 96% can actually speak it fluently, therefore we can conclude that English is in effect the national language of the American people. In spite of this, it is not recognized as the official language at the federal level and the states have adopted miscellaneous policies with some embracing English as the official language, others implementing no official language and still others mirroring the culture of bilingualism. Even 71% of the Hispanics voted in favor of English as the national language since this will escalate their chances of a achieving a first-class education, enhancing their earning capability, ensuing in better career prospects as well as empowerment. Although, there is plenty of desire and determination for migrants to learn English yet 5% of the population still fails to comprehend it so implementing it officially will give a boost to this particular segment of population. A report published in the Monthly Labor Review America affirms that migrants don’t learn English quickly when excessive linguistic welfare is made available to them. As a consequence, immigrants are demoted to lesser rewarding jobs and are hindered in achieving the American dream. United States is composed of people from diverse cultural backgrounds but the federal laws provide no right to non-native speaker to receive foreign-language services or information (King, 1997). Thereby, it can be deduced that knowing English is a prerequisite to become a citizen since it is the de facto national language that binds all American citizens into a nation. It is worth noting th at states which implemented English as the official language have not proscribed the use of a foreign language in case of any public interest issue, for instance: tourism, medical, public safety, imparting foreign languages and other genuine needs. The government can afford to provide such services in the face of a compelling public interest but not as right for every citizen. Presently, more than three hundred languages are spoken in America and non-native speakers constitute around 5% of the total population (Maschi, 2012). Consequently, a redundant stratum of bureaucracy and costs will be inevitable if the right to receive services in various foreign languages is granted. Ultimately this burden would have to be borne by taxpayers. Although, many perceive learning English as racism but the argument does not hold weight since discrimination is based upon inherent characteristics like religion, color, race which are unalterable. On the other hand, every individual has the choice of learning English to communicate and blend in the American culture. But, advocating that learning English is extremely difficult for a specific race is biased. An official language does not inhibit free speech but only serves as a pre-condition of intellectual capacity for civic involvement. Similarly, educational system would profit from statutory encouragement to promote competency in English and discouraging linguistic preferences which would enable the students to make a successful ingress into the social and political system (Pullum, 1987). None of the

Debt and Factoring Essay Example for Free

Debt and Factoring Essay Nowadays, every business needs finance. But at the same time, bad debt has become a stinging problem for the creditors. Many companies are faced with the high credit risk, so obtaining it can be one of the most difficult parts of running your business. So what is the solution for this problem? You can see, there are so many types of business finance, including: bank loans, credit cards, leasing, even outsides investors, family and friend loans†¦ But in my opinion, one of the quickest forms of low cost business finance is factoring, where you can get up to 85% of the value of your invoice immediately, and the remainder (minus the factoring company’s fee) after the money is collected. kFactoring is one of the best ways to get quick finance, improving your cashflow and allowing you to make the most of your sales without risking late payment. What is factoring? You can image that just be simple to sell your invoice to a factoring company. You can get cash quickly, have a chance to access immediate funds, without having to wait for the customer to pay the invoice. You also don’t have to collect the debt. Because you transfer the mission to the factoring company. They get debt and have to collect it. Of course, you lose some of the value of the invoice. And the difference between the price it paid for the invoice and the money from the debtor is the factor’s overall profit. They can provide money either with recourse or without recourse. This is particularly beneficial to those of you who are in a growth period and committing more working capital to customer credit debtors. There are three basically parties involved in factoring transaction. First, the seller of goods. Second, the buyer of goods. And lastly, the factor or factoring company. Three parties interact each other during the purchase of goods. And what about the history of factoring? In fact, it started centuries ago. It was used in England before 1400. It appears to be closely related to early merchant banking activities. As time rolled on, factoring underwent several changes. The changes are brought about by technology, the organization of companies particularly air travel and non-face to face communications technologies starting with the telegraph, followed by the telephone and then computers. The changes in the legal structures also influenced the changes in factoring rules. But in general, the purpose of it is as the same. Factoring is becoming popular tool to solve problems relating collection, delays recievables. So what are the advantages of factoring over other types of finance? Time Saving – With factoring, you don’t waste too much time to chase debts, administer sales ledger. Instead that you can concentrate on the other major areas of your business and improve your efficiency. You can use this money to invest in stock, real estate Cost Naturally, one of the key considerations when thinking about factoring solutions is the amount it will cost. Obviously it will mean that profit margins are reduced when the factor’s service fee is taken into account. However, factoring your invoices is still cheaper than using credit cards, overdrafts or many other forms of finance. Factoring also gives you set fees, whereas credit cards and overdrafts costs can build up if you keep using them and not paying them off in full. Speed – Factoring allow you to capitalise on your invoices with a minimum of delay. You can get up to 85% of the invoice within 24 hours, helping to maintain a good working cashflow rather than requiring you to wait 30/60 days for a customer to pay (If they pay on time! . This is particularly useful if you get a large order that requires you to spend on stock and production costs before you get paid; factoring allows you to accept the order with much less risk to your cashflow. Security – Factoring does not require you to use your home or business assets as security for the finance, as the money is secured on the sales you have already made. Bear in mind though that some factoring companies will not want to fac tor risky invoices; as they carry the risk rather than you. Suitable for Businesses of All Sizes- One big advantage of factoring is that it is potentially suitable for businesses of all sizes; especially now there are invoice finance firms that are targeted at small businesses and their needs. The above listed advantage do not mean that the factoring operation are totally free from any limitation. Some of main limitations of such transaction are listed below: Reputation – Some less reputable invoice finance companies can damage your customer relations by being too aggressive in collecting factored invoices. However, you can avoid this problem by choosing a well known and reputable firm. Control – Factoring reduces the control you have over your debts, as the invoice finance company collects them for you. However, this also means less work on your part. factoring can have a negative impact on the way a business operates. * The factor usually takes over the maintenance of the sales ledger. Customers may prefer to deal with the company it is trading with rather than a factor. However, if the factors techniques are clearly agreed beforehand, there will usually be no problem. * Factoring may impose constraints on the way to do business. For non-recourse factoring, most factors will want to pre-approve customers, which may cause delays. The factor will apply credit limits to individual customers (though these should be no lower than prudent credit control would suggest). * The client company might only want the finance arrangements and yet it might feel it is paying for collection services they do not really need. * Ending a factoring arrangement can be difficult where the only exit route is to repurchase the sales ledger or to switch factors and that could cause a sudden shortfall in your working capital.

Is Information On The Net Reliable? Essay -- essays research papers

Is Information on the Net Invalid? In his essay, â€Å"Picking Nits on the Net,† John Oughton reminds Internet users that information on the Net does not have a guarantee of authenticity, so it must be carefully evaluated. Oughton gives some examples and also provides some useful advice on evaluating information on the Internet. Oughton’s writing is well supported by reasonable arguments, informative and very useful, and the examples that he uses are commonly encountered by most Internet users; however, sometimes he understates the advantages of valuable information on the Net. Some examples that Oughton uses to support his claims are very reasonable. As we can see in his thesis, he states that in this computerized era, people should be critical in evaluating any information on the Internet. To support that argument, Oughton gives some reasons. First, he says that information we get from the Internet is not reliable, with no assurance of its credibility. It is really true since people with whatever background of knowledge can write and design nice looking Web sites and it is easy to disseminate any information by using the World Wide Web. Second, he also states, â€Å"all information on the Internet looks equal† (463). In particular, when surfing the Net, we might find that at first sight, some information really looks similar and real, and usually we do not think about its quality rather than its quantity. Indeed, misleading information and fake images might trick even skeptical ...

Cry the Beloved Country :: Cry the Beloved Country Essays

Cry the Beloved Country Cry the beloved country, by Alan Paton, is a book which tells the story of how James Jarvis, a wealthy estate owner who, because of his own busy life, had to learn of the social degradation in south Africa through the death of his only son. If Arthur Jarvis had never been killed, James Jarvis would never have been educated by his sons writings, and Stephen Kumalo. When we first meet james jarvis, he knows little of his sons life. He doesn't know his son "was on a kind of a mission"(p. 140), And this is why when harrison says,"...we're scared stiff at the moment in johannesburg."( p. 140) James is sort of surprised and says,"of crime?"(p. 140). Talking to harrison taught stephen about the crime in the city, and the next morning he learns about his son. One of the first things that james learns of his son, and his views, he learns in arthurs' room. In reading his writings, james finds that arthur would have risked anything to help other people, and ended up doing just that. James finds that his son was well researched on the problems of their society, and was interested in helping the development of the social structure in south africa. From the pictures of jesus and lincoln on his wall, james discovered the admiration arthur had for these two men. These were men of action, who showed love for their friends, and at the same time, their enemies. These two men suffered and died for their beliefs, as did arthur in a way, this is showing arthurs' father what a great man his son was by comparison, and similarity to others. This revelation shows arthurs concern for humanity. After the discovery of his sons views through all of his writings, james begins to realize the problem, and starts to think of the problems of others before his own. In this aspect, james begins to remind the reader of oscar shindler. This is so because shindler was one who at one time hated jews, but as he began to understand them, he thuoght of their troubles and how his wealth could save them. Much like shindler, jarvis helps the minority. Following his sons death and the acquaintance of stephen, james donates 1000 pounds to the african boys club. Jarvis is not just giving gifts in memory of his son, or just to give, but giving those who need help ways to help themselves.

The Assessment Process Essay

Introduction The assisting procedure is a manner for human service professionals to assist those in demand. During the assisting procedure a human service professional is to give their support to clients and to assist the client achieve their ends. and with the aid of the human service professional they can assist the client to develop and turn more efficaciously in their lives. The Assessment Process Assessment is an on-going procedure that happens within all client contracts to assist derive and understand the strengths and demands of the client and the whole household. When utilizing appraisal it is to garner the needed information that will fit the client with suited services. During the assessment procedure. the human service assistant establishes who the client is. this is when a working relationship is formed and this is besides when all required consumption signifiers are filled out such as: Insurance Information. Sketching the intent and services of the bureau. Assurances of Confidentiality. Obtaining information releases ( McClam & A ; Woodside. 2012 ) . In the assisting stage following is the planning procedure. it helps to set up services. This is when persons are accepted into the bureau for services and they have met the eligibility standards and is now a client of the bureau ( McClam & A ; Woodside. 2012 ) . The planning procedure this is when the human service assistant and the client focuses on developing a service program and service bringing. During the planning procedure. helps to give the helper an apprehension of what services might be needed. The following procedure is the execution procedure. which is when the service program is carried out and evaluated. This procedure happens when the assistant provides services THE ASSESSMENT PROCESS 3 and is measuring the quality of services. The assistant oversees who is supplying services. how to supervise execution. how to work with other professionals and how to measure the services. During the assisting procedure. the assistant is required to make a instance reappraisal. write studies. and certification of all instances. Case reappraisal can happen during the hebdomadal meetings between the assistant and client and between the assistant and the supervisor. Case reappraisals are common during an appraisal. and instance reappraisals are a portion of the organisation and it helps to guarantee effectual service bringing to clients. Write studies are a manner for the assistant to maintain path of the services the client receives. and written studies paths information such as: appraisals. planning. and execution. rating and the expiration of the instance ( McClam & A ; Woodside. 2012 ) . Documentation is ever used. because it paperss the services of the bureau. length of plans. and provides. The helper’s duty is to document all information accurately and in a timely mode. During the assisting procedure the client’s engagement is besides of import. because the assistant establishes the client’s ends. intent. and functions ( McClam & A ; Woodside. 2013 ) . Strength-based-approaches are used in each assisting procedure. In the appraisal procedure. the strength-based attack is focused on the positive features. abilities. and the experiences of the client. The strength-based attack in the appraisal procedure. is to garner information about the client’s demands and research resources. The assistant is more focussed on how to assist the client to be more successful ( McClam & A ; Woodside. 2012 ) . In the planning procedure. the strength-based attack is to understand the strength of the client for a more positive planning. The client-helper relationship gets stronger for a positive assisting procedure ( McClam & A ; Woodside. 2012 ) . Part of the strength-based attack in the planning procedure. the client’s engagement is based on a short/long term ends that is good matched with the client’s values and strengths ( McClam & A ; Woodside. 2012 ) . In the THE ASSESSMENT PROCESS 4Ã ¾ execution procedure. the strength-based attack is surrounded by the client’s strengths. The helper attending is to the client in which the assistant emphasizes the values of self- finding and duties of the client. Ethical considerations is the codification of moralss that is really of import in the assisting procedure. Ethical consideration illustrates the client’s right to self-government. to make injury. advance fairness and equal entree to service. be responsible to clients. and be honest. Ethical considerations which is govern by the codifications of moralss. which is a guideline for pattern. The assistant is to maintain clients information confidential. THE ASSESSMENT PROCESS 5 Conclusion The assisting procedure is really of import. it is to assist clients in puting ends and being successful in life. The assistant is to supply the client with the necessary resources. while maintaining the client information confidential at all times in the assisting procedure. THE ASSESSMENT PROCESS 6 Reference McClam. T. . & A ; Woodside. M. ( 2012 ) . The Helping Procedure: Appraisal to Termination. Belmont. Calcium: Brooks/Cole.

Relationships with children and young people Essay

Describe how you would establish respectful, professional, relationships with children and young people. It is important to establish respectful and professional relationships with children and young people as a role of a Teaching Assistant. A relationship in which a child trusts and respects their teaching assistant and feels comfortable in their company, will allow you to offer a supportive and caring environment in which the child can learn and develop. Listening is arguably the most important way in which to establish a respectful and professional relationship with a child or young person. By listening to what a child has to say, without interruption, conveys to the child that you are in interested in and values what the child has to say. By not interrupting the child, it shows that their views and opinions are not only respected by you, but are also as important as the views and opinions of you themselves. You should also take an active interest in what the child has to say and an interest in the child themselves. For example, what are their hobbies, their interests, their likes and dislikes? . Children respond to routine and rules and should be made aware of what the rules are and the consequences of breaking rules. By doing this, this will enable you to explain to the child that the punishment they have received for breaking a rule ‘is fair’. Fairness helps to establish respectful relationships. Children are very aware of the concept of fairness and the statement ‘it’s not fair’ is often heard within the classroom. Every child should feel secure and valued no matter of their culture, abilities, sex or race and your interactions with the child or young person should demonstrate this at all times. It is important you establish these ground rules and mutual respect right from the beginning, as well as discuss the factors with the pupils that are important when working together. It is crucial that you start by talking about how you are going to work together and what each person wants to get out of it. By doing this it will help you develop a mutually respectful relationship with the pupils. You must also  remember to be able to adapt your behaviour, and be able to communicate accordingly to every child. It is important that you can demonstrate effective communication skills and show that you are approachable to each individual child or young person you are working with. You need to take into consideration that each child or young person is different and can be at different development stages. It is very important when talking or listening to a child that you maintain eye contact, concentrate on what they are saying and physically lower yourself to their level. This shows the child respect and that you consider them as an equal. Finding out about some of their interests and hobbies will also show them that you are really interested. You should make an effort to learn all children’s names, how to spell them and how to pronounce them. Professionally this is also important; being able to put a face to a name will ensure the child’s safety. Children have a great respect for fairness; ‘it’s not fair’ is a common phrase in the classroom. A way of showing fairness is allowing a child to explain their version of events; again this shows that you are willing to listen. However it is important to be consistent in situations, if two children break the same rule it would be unfair to punish one and not the other, this would result in lack of respect from the children. It would also be unfair if you were to show favouritism, like letting your ‘favourites’ get away with things that you would punish other chi ldren for. Being polite not only shows respect but as an adult being polite is a good role model for the children. Children always have stories to tell and being interested and polite shows them that you have listened to them. Children mimic the behaviour of adults, if you are polite, honest, fair and respectful to children there is more chance that they will be act the same towards you.

Sexism in Football

Gender Discrimination (The Sian Massey Story) On the 22nd of January 2011 female linesman Sian Massey was going to officiate as a linesman in a premier league clash between Liverpool and Wolves. Sky Sports were broadcasting the match on live television,Presenters Andy Gray and Richard Keys were preparing to cover the pre game coverage, when the two named above began to talk about the female linesman Sian Massey and what they thought about her in a very discriminating fashionThe commentators, who apparently believed their microphones were switched off, were recorded. Commenting on Ms Massey, Mr Keys said: ‘Somebody better get down there and explain offside to her. ’ Mr Gray, a former Scottish international footballer, replied: ‘Can you believe that? A female linesman. Women don’t know the offside rule. ’ Mr Keys replied: ‘Course they don’t. I can guarantee you there will be a big one today. Kenny (Liverpool manager Kenny Dalglish) will go potty. This isn’t the first time, is it?Didn’t we have one before? ’ Later in the exchange, Mr Keys said: ‘The game’s gone mad. Did you hear charming Karren Brady this morning complaining about sexism? Do me a favour, love. ’ During the game, which Liverpool won 3-0, Ms Massey angered Wolves by refusing to rule Raul Meireles offside before he set up Liverpool’s first goal. The replay showed that she made the correct decision. When The Mail on Sunday put the transcript to Mr Keys, he said: ‘I have no recollection of that.I have no idea what you are talking about. ‘My recollection is that I wished the young lady all the best. ’ When told a recording existed of the conversation, he said: ‘If you have a tape then you don’t need me to talk to you. It almost makes it worse that they're speaking when the microphones are not on as opposed to when they are on, because [they have] never really had the brass neck t o say it publicly, they would only say it privately. I have heard it and I don't believe it is just banter. Former referee Graham Poll added: â€Å"It must be very difficult for female match officials to progress in men’s football and any who do, do so on merit and should be held up as role models, not subjected to outdated, sexist attitudes †¦ (Sian Massey) is already on the FIFA assistant referees’ list in women’s football and at just 25 that is a magnificent achievement. † Michaela Tabb, a snooker referee who has officiated the World Championship final, said: : â€Å"What they have done there is completely unacceptable because they have not given her her place at all as an official.They are basically doubting her ability. She has obviously passed every exam and whatever qualifications she's had to go through. † England captain Rio Ferdinand said on Twitter: â€Å"I'm all for women refereeing in football, discrimination should not happen in our game at all †¦ prehistoric views if u think otherwise. † Hugh Robertson, the sports minister, commented: â€Å"It is very disappointing to hear these comments at a time when we are trying to get more women participating and officiating in sport, particularly football. The FA released a statement saying: â€Å"The FA has made real strides in encouraging both male and female match officials to enter the game at every level, and will continue to offer every encouragement to all officials within the football family to progress to the highest levels possible. We are proud to have some of the world's best match officials, both male and female Overall the number of female referees in England (Levels 1-8) stands at 853 and climbing, and all of our female match officials act as fantastic ambassadors for the game. They have our wholehearted and continuing support. â€Å"

Global Warming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Global Warming - Essay Example One of the major factors that contribute significantly to global warming is the burning of fossil fuel, which has amplified the levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide to their highest for the last 20 million years. This paper, however, will focus more on another factor that also play a crucial role in global warming, which is deforestation (Maslin, 2007; Humphreys, 1996). Global warming can be hastened by a variety of factors, one of which is deforestation. Deforestation is the result of human activity such as illegal logging which is damaging to the ecosystem. The effects of deforestation as stressed by Humphreys (1996) range from the global to the local level. One of the most essential implications of deforestation is its impact on the dilapidation of the atmosphere (Humphreys, 1996). Deforestation plays a crucial role in global warming, which transpires from elevated concentrations of greenhouse gases resulting to net escalations in the global mean temperature (Humphreys, 1996). Radiative forcing is the atmospheric process by which greenhouse gases amplifies temperature increases according to Humphreys (1996). To gain insight on how deforestation partake a role in global warming, it is beneficial to explore how this process really works. Greenhouse gases are composed mainly of four gases namely, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and chlorofluorocarbons (Humphreys, 1996). The effects of global warming are deemed to be hazardous to the planet Earth. It was predicted that intense global warming will cause alterations in global trends of agricultural productivity, augment melting of the Arctic and Antarctic ice caps, thermal spreading out of the oceans and a net proliferation in sea levels which would endanger coastlines worldwide (Humphreys, 1996). Humphreys highlighted that not only does deforestation play a part in global warming but as a result, global warming would remarkably be perilous to nature, the warming of the oceans

Internet Connectivity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Internet Connectivity - Research Paper Example High speed internet connectivity has greatly improved various areas (Huske, Protheroe, and Shellard, 2001). Consider the following rewards to investing in broadband internet: Waiting for pages to load is annoying. With broadband internet, pages load faster than average speed and require less page reloading. With high speed internet connection, people can browse the internet with many tabs open even with video and photos present on various pages. With broadband internet, one can stream media without interruptions. Streaming movies, music, and television shows is becoming increasingly popular and interruptions can be annoying especially when reloading a page requires more than just troubleshooting. Connections can be extremely slow if there is more than one person in a particular household using the internet at the same time. This is a major setback of the dial-up speeds internet connection. Broadband internet allows multiple users to access the internet at the same time that is; multiple users can access and utilize the internet concurrently without a hitch in connection (Vacca, 2001). To keep up with the technology of the future, you need to catch up with the technology of the present. Internet connectivity is, and will be, a necessity and there are various methods of being connected so as to be able to access and utilize the internet. Digital Subscriber Lines/Loop refers to a family of digital telecommunications protocols that allow high speed data communication over the existing telephone lines between end-users and telephone companies. DSL service is an umbrella of a number of different technologies. The most commonly installed DSL technology is the Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ASDL). DSL uses higher frequency bands for data and this is the reason why the DSL service is delivered simultaneously with wired telephone service on the same telephone line. DSL requires a modem that is responsible for splitting transmissions into two frequency bands

Adults learn best when learning by and from experience Essay

Adults learn best when learning by and from experience - Essay Example Witt, 2003; Manning, 2003; Michelson, 1996; Wilhelm, 1997). The child is a professional learner and his/her life revolves around school attendance and study, to the degree that learning may be defined as the child's foremost priority and responsibility. The situation is entirely different where the adult learner is concerned, with career and familial responsibilities functioning as the foremost priorities and study/learning, a secondary concern which may even be resented insofar as it impinges upon the adult's free time or the attention he wants to direct towards his other concerns (DeWitt, 2003; Manning, 2003; Michelson, 1996; Wilhelm, 1997). The articulated differential between adult and child learners has given rise to an entire body of literature on adult learning and teaching approaches and strategies. Each of the theories or learning strategies proposed for employment with adult learners is validated by a wealth of empirical evidence but, educational psychologists have incontro vertibly established experiential learning to be the optimal learning strategy vis--vis adults. Through a discursive analysis of this particular learning theory, its application s and outcomes, concomitant with a subjective experiential overview, the essay shall affirm the utility of this teaching-learning approach and argue that its strength primarily emanates from the fact that it embraces the principles of variant learning-teaching theories but maintains that assimilation of the learnt can only occur pending practice an application. However, rather than simply proceed from the assumption that adults learn best when they learn from, by and through experience, the essay shall first overview the scholarship of learning, present the variant and more popular of the learning theories and argue that even though each is inherently valid, experiential learning remains the most effect vis--vis the adult student both because it embraces the major precepts and teaching strategies presented b y those theories and extends beyond their confines. Nevertheless, and as the argument shall highlight, irrespective of the learning theory that a tutor selects, if the aim is to create a dynamic and constructive learning environment, characterised by efficient and effective learning, the tutor must integrate elements of the experiential learning theory into his/her teaching style, especially as pertains to learning from, by and through experience. The Scholarship of Learning Learning theories abound and rose in concomitance with the evolution of psychology and formalised educational systems. The primary aim of the aforementioned theories, as Ehreman and Oxford (1990) explain was the development of the ideal learning and teaching strategy. In immediate comparison, the scholarship of learning and teaching is a recent pedagogical development. Defined by Kreber and Cranton (2000) as the systemisation of academic inquiry and research into the most effective, or ideal teaching and learning

Accounting for Leaders ( Case study analysis) Essay

Accounting for Leaders ( Case study analysis) - Essay Example As a result a number of car owners would pass by Bob’s shop which facilitated in increasing the popularity of the shop. However since this parking system was stopped, Bob felt that his business was losing popularity. Bob also noticed that the general sales of children’s bicycles had dropped considerably. Bob suspects that a large amount of sales of his shop has shifted to the bicycle and car maintenance retailing chain located at the town’s main shopping centre. The Christmas sale of the shop was also much lower than expected. The shop was clammed with cheaper bikes clearly depicting that the shops had declining number of customers. The recent recession also had a negative impact upon the business (Cowen and Hoffer, 1985). Bob’s cafà © is run by Bob’s wife Sophie. Apart from providing internet services, the shop also provides services such as computer and software upgrade, computer repair, software installation, cleaning and configuration of computers. Sophie is concerned regarding the cash flow of the business rather than profitability. The bank overdraft of the business has been continuously rising since the last two years. Sophie could not understand the reasons behind such an increase. Sophie although provides services on credit in order to increase her sales, but she has not come across any bad debts (Brigham and Houston, 2011). The information required for taking decision in respect of Bob’s Bikes is obtained through the different rations computed from the business’s annual financial statements. The financial ratios of 2012 and 2013 were taken into consideration for taking the required decisions. Bob’s main issue is to analyze the profitability of the business. Financial ratios are considered as a suitable measure for analyzing business performance. Evaluating the progress of any business is vital and financial ratios are a suitable tool in examining the same. Financial ratios facilitate comparison of the performance

Springer's Article on African American Women Essay

Springer's Article on African American Women - Essay Example She argues that feminism has lost its connection with empowerment. Women remain locked into a life of being there for everyone else while trying to maintain a sense of self. The bitter black woman image perpetuates the loss of empowerment or loss of self. "For the films discussed in this essay, when black women leave work and become homemakers they lose themselves and their connection to being black" (272). This means that black women negate their freedom, and will be seen as lazy for not remaining in the workforce. Black women now have an important duty: to remain educated and uphold the race through continued achievements (272). Through these achievements, black women are then viewed as divas or evil black bitches. The term diva formerly described lauded opera singers, but is currently defined as "a powerful and entertaining, if pushy and bitchy, woman" (255). The evil black bitches image has risen due to editing methods utilized on reality t.v. shows. These women are seen as villains, manipulate other persons and situations, and are hostile without reason. The power of editing making it possible. According to Springer, the image that is portrayed within the play Diary of a Mad Black Woman is the bitter black woman.

Article Analysis Essay Example for Free

Article Analysis Essay This article gives us an insight on whether how a society in a specific country especially like of China can have a say on what their government is doing especially on projects that in return might have an effect on their lives, and also giving added revenue to their government and at the same time protecting the lives of their citizens. Even the social activist like Xue ye of the Beijing – based Friends of Nature had stated that â€Å"We are weak, but we have a chance. † He already knew that it would be hard for them to convince the villagers around the place where there is a project or a construction that has to be created by the government. There may be some factors, which may take effect if the projects will continue. That is why it must be thoroughly evaluated first by all sectors before they allow it to pursue. They must not think on the benefits alone upon the relocation but through a lifetime perspective too. It is not only their future but also for the future generation of their country. The whole article is a depiction of social construction regarding the issue of trade and industry. There are different evidences and justifications that the author has redeemed. He also stated his own opinion and ideologies regarding the issue, which somehow important to the whole article because it will state the stand of the author in representation of the society based on the evidences that were found and researched. From all of this, the whole article shows the facts and data exist within the situation will state its own ideologies and perceptions of the social realization. It means that the author has its own depiction of truth and accuracy of facts and data that he has stated whether it is for or against the authorities of the society. Reference (Author). (Date). Power to the People. (Publisher)

Challenges And Constraints Of Solar Energy Environmental Sciences Essay

Challenges And Constraints Of Solar Energy Environmental Sciences Essay The biggest challenge that Solar Energy faces today is the alternative conventional energy sources that are cheaper in terms of consumption measures (Rupees per KWh).Electricity generated from Solar Energy is costlier compared to that produced from coal-fired power plants. Government and enterprises are working on producing cheaper solar cells to reduce cost of usage. Although the price of Solar Photovoltaic technology has decreased in the last years, it is still not a feasible solution for large scale power generation purposes. In India, the average cost of Photovoltaic modules is around Rs. 2 lc/KWh and the cost of electricity generation of electricity from Solar Photovoltaic and Solar thermal route is in the range of Rs. 12 -20 per kWh and Rs. 10 15 per kWh respectively. The electricity produced this way is four-five times costlier from that produced from conventional sources. Advancement in technology is required to reduce this gap. The manufacturing process needs to be more cost- effective since the Solar Photovoltaic conversion of electricity is a high-technology process demanding high level of skills and expertise. Companies are allocating special funds for research and development in the industry to encourage innovations to improve the process. Since the field is a relatively new one with less knowledge in the field, new companies face challenges in coping up with the existing players in the field. India is suitably located to receive sufficient sunlight all round the year. However there are a few places which do not receive enough solar energy throughout the year, which affects the cost of production. Areas which receive huge amounts of rainfall and are clouded for most parts of the year, automatically get ruled out as prospective sites for Solar Energy generation. Another major challenge that solar energy faces is storage of the generated power. Electricity from Photovolatic cells cannot be generated during the night and during cloudy days and hence suitable measures have to be adopted to store the energy produced during the other times of the day. Another major disadvantage is that access on a short term basis cannot be predicted. Since India is located near to the equator the incoming radiation fluctuate a little every year, it is however difficult to predict the incoming radiations on a day to day basis. Apart of this there are seasonal variations which cause the supply and demand to grow out of phase. It is thus imperative that Solar Energy cannot be relied upon as the only source of electricity for potential uses like space heating, till proper storage measures are invented. It is also difficult to store energy since it also increases the cost of production and installation. Only once this issue gets resolved can solar energy actually com pete with other existent sources of energy. ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS Due to absence of proper government regulation ,local government and individuals are skeptical about the effect that setting up of big solar power plants will have on the individuals and environment. A large scale solar power plant typically requires approximately one square kilometer for every 20-60MW generated. RAW MATERIAL AND WASTE PRODUCTS Some of the materials ( like Cadmium) used for producing Solar PV cells are hazardous and other raw materials like plastics used for the packaging of the cells are non-biodegradable, thereby impacting the environment. Although some of the waste generated during the manufacturing process is recyclable (silicon), not all other materials are recyclable and disposal of the same is a challenging process. AESTHETICS AND DESIGN Another barrier to wider adoption of solar cell and solar module products and systems among commercial and residential consumers is aesthetics and design. Consumers have resisted solar products for aesthetic reasons. Established solar products are heavy, rigid, fragile and non-modular. Solar cell and solar module manufacturers can improve aesthetics by developing products that can be more attractively integrated into building structures, and that are lighter, flexible and modular and hence more feasible. Growth in future and driving factors Concentrated Solar Vs Photovoltaic Solar Solar energy utilization technologies can be broadly classified into two categories as Concentrated Solar Technology Photovoltaic Solar Technology In Concentrated Solar Technology the solar energy converts heat liquids into steam, which is then used to drive turbines to produce electricity, heating and cooling purposes, providing hot water etc. In PV Solar, solar panels are used to produce electricity. The Concentrated Solar technology provides a good alternative to PV solar, one that is less expensive and more versatile. Benefits of concentrated solar technology are: It uses existing resources like generators, piping and mirrors. Due to which the production costs are much lower than PV solar In producing solar energy no hazardous materials are used. Thus it is free from production hassles that could arise due to future government laws or policies. It can also store the heat that is generated during the day, and use it at a later time when the electricity is needed. Storing heat is much more efficient than most forms of storing electricity, and does not require expensive equipment or large tracks of land. Due to the aforementioned benefits Concentrated Solar Technology is currently a more sought after method. But the potential for PV Solar Technology is higher and is being worked over across all countries. Government incentives Major percentage of the solar energy production has been backed by the government world over. Few of the government incentives in the following ways are: FIT (mainly in europe) Direct Subsidy on panels Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS, in US) ITC (Investment tax credits, in US) Some of the goals with respect to solar energy of different countries driven by government initiatives are: The  European Union  has linked goals to get 20% of its energy from clean sources by 2012. Chinas Renewable Energy Law aims to raise the total percentage of renewable energy used in the country to 15% by 2020. The U.S. Stimulus Bill of February of 2009 included $60 billion in loan guarantees for companies building solar and wind plants with the goal of doubling renewable energy production from 2009 to 2012. In June of 2008, Germany approved a law cutting its solar subsidies by 10%. Further, under the law subsidies will fall another 8%-10% each year for the next three years. The Spanish Government cut its solar subsidies by 30%. Renewable energy demand Shifts in renewable energy demand are a major driver for the solar market. Two major drivers of this shift are climate change  and  peak oil. Climate Change With more people than ever being aware of global warming and its potential effects, and fear of the repercussions of a carbon-based energy scheme is driving consumer demand for alternatives like solar. With increasing number of people being aware of global warming and its harmful effects, rising fear caused due to carbon based energy production, the demand for alternative energy resources are in demand. The number of awareness campaigns to promote the use of alternative resources has increased tremendously over the past few years and will continue to rise in the future. Wind and Solar energy are the first potential step taken into consideration. Peak Oil and Energy Independence The ever rising oil prices and the scarcity of finding the mines and oil reserves are a growing concern. It is predicted that the oil resources will dwindle to such an extent that the growth of any country will be a standstill if measures are not taken today to curtail the dependence. Furthermore, a large part of the world oil supply can be found in politically turbulent countries; with OPEC having dominant control over world oil supply (and, therefore, prices), many countries desire energy alternatives in order to break dependence on geopolitically unstable nations. Technology and Silicon Supply Silicon was previously used extensively by the semiconductor industry. But, with the advent of solar power and its rapid growth the demand for them has increased exponentially, resulting in an under-supply of silicon unable to meet the current demand. Thus the higher prices in silicon mean higher production costs for solar companies and lower margins. For a sustainable growth and control in costs of production in the future the demand-supply equilibrium must be in check. In recent years the technical advancements in the field of solar power has been rapid and tremendous. Everyone across the value chain, manufacturers and suppliers are working towards producing more solar energy out of the existing solar equipment. Advancements have included increasing cell energy efficiency, using thinner wafers, and increasing generating power in low-light (generation of energy even on a cloudy day). The advancement in two new manufacturing processes namely string-ribbon technology and thin-film technology, designed to drastically reduce the  silicon  required to make PV cells, could dramatically decrease the cost of new PV cells. The use of a new nanotechnology based approach using Tetrapod Quantum Dots (TQ-Dots) is being considered. It is an economical alternative to replace the silicon wafer based solar cells with flexible TQ-Dot solar cells and has the advantage of generating electricity from UV and infrared wavelengths allowing generation 24/7. Government Regulation As the solar industry continues to grow at 25% per annum, the government is faced with the challenge to regulate the industry to allow for equitable distribution of the industry benefits. The Union Ministry has set up a separate Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources later renamed as Ministry of New and Renewable Energy. The government is trying hard to bring India to the number 1 level by introducing grid based incentives and providing concession at various levels of manufacturing and distribution in its recent budget 2010-11. Effect on the Environment: There is an ongoing debate on how Concentrated Solar Plants especially inare affecting the environment. There is a concern how the use of vast amounts of public land for Solar Energy development will affect local inhabitants. Local Government and Environmental bodies have raised concern for reliable regulatory measures to be setup to understand the affect on the operations of such large plants on the environment. It is expected that the government will frame certain special energy zones, where concentrated solar plants will be setup. Permitting: The permit fees to set up Solar Plants varies in different areas in the countries, which causes variations in the setup price causing a dilemma in the minds of prospective investors.The cost of Solar Installation in a city varies from Rs.15,000 to Rs. 50,000.Many countries that used to face such issues are now migrating to a uniform permit fees system to encourage investment in this field. Regulating Solar Energy Providers: As part of JNNSM, government has dedicated NTPC VidyutVyapar Nigam, for the purchase of Solar Energy by independent solar plants, the prices of which are fixed by the Central Regulatory Electricity Commission for a given period of time. The power distribution companies will purchase the power generated from these plants at the prices set by the regulator.They would also follow the below mentioned norms: CERC has announced tariff of Rs. 18.44 per unit for solar PV power and Rs. 13.45 per unit for solar thermal power for 25 years; Zero or concessional duty to be applied on import of some specific items; Zero Excise duty on manufacture of many solar energy devices within the country; NTPC VVN will purchase solar power for a period of 25 years at fixed tariff announced by CERC; CERC will review the costs every year and fix tariff accordingly for new projects. Union Budget 2010-11: Government has announced an allocation of $10bn for the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission. The budget also provides incentives to private solar companies by reducing customs duty on solar panel by 5% and exempting excise duty on photovoltaic panels.